Cogito cartesien et non cartesien : une etude sur le premier principe de descartes et sa reception dans la philosophie post-cartesienne jusqu'a l'epoque de kant et maine de biran
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Paris 4Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
Our principal question concerns the elementary factors that would help us to identify the cogito as properly cartesian and to distinguish it from the non cartesians. Having examinated the several aspects of the cartesian cogito, we make comme into question two points in order to observe briefly the post-cartesian history of cogito until to the time of kant and maine de biran. How can we explain the change or diversification of cogito in its formulation according to the different ways of conceiving or analysing the thought and the self ? this question concerns the authors as malebranche, rousseau and maine de biran who presented the cogito as the first truth or the first principle of their philosophy. How can we relate the diverse manners of evaluation of cogito to the different ways in which one define the scientific proposition as well as the philosophical principle. This question concerns the authors as leibniz, hume and kant who devaluated or refuted descartes' first truth in its status as scientific proposition or as first principle. We will see the most important factor that separates the cartesian cogito from the non cartesians is the idea of first principle.
Abstract FR:
Notre question principale concerne des elements qui permettraient d'identifier le cogito comme proprement cartesien et de le distinguer d'avec les cogito non cartesiens. Apres avoir examine les divers aspects du cogito cartesien, nous observons d'une facon succincte l'histoire post-cartesienne du cogito jusqu'a l'epoque de kant et maine de biran, en posant deux questions. Comment la formulation du cogito se renouvelle ou se diversifie selon les manieres differentes de concevoir la pensee et le moi? cette question concerne des auteurs comme malebranche, rousseau et maine de biran qui ont presente le cogito comme premiere verite ou comme premier principe. Comment le cogito cartesien est evalue selon les diverses facons dont on definit la proposition scientifique et le principe philosophique? cette question concerne des auteurs comme leibniz, hume et kant qui devalorisent ou refutent la premiere verite de descartes dans sa qualite comme proposition scientifique ou comme premier principe. Nous verrons que l'element le plus important qui separe le cogito cartesien et les non cartesiens est l'idee de premier principe : a l'origine des controverses les plus importantes sur le cogito, il y a un conflit entre diverses idees de la science et de la philosophie.