Espace public et oeuvre d art. Schiller, heidegger, arendt
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Abstract EN:
Action and poetry are most often considered incompatible. However, one cannot imagine to erect a wall between these two elements. On the contrary, one must try to establish between them a relation of equilibrium by virtue of some overall wisdom that goes beyond mere divided views. Originally, philosophy was prolific, the reason being that it was introduced to develop in the human being a harmonious and concrete equilibrium. Nothing appears more important in our present world than revive that greek ideal of moderation and education. Today, that ideal outlines the deep relation between being and rationality. This is exactly what we find when heidegger and schiller confront those questions an art and ethics. Each one expresses his own polarity regarding this inter-relationschip. The former proposes an ideal of harmony similar to that of the classics and thus overestimates the link between art and practical rationality. The latter purges the excesses of that ideal in which subsist the metaphysical illusions of will power, and emphasizes instead the separation between art and action. Now, arendt demonstrates that regarding that matter, the heideggerian thought tends to withdraw as to turn over and move in an opposite direction i. E. A new will power inaccessible to the being. Accordingly, it should be possible to interpret the heideggerian "poetic habitat", not directly but with discernment in terms of practical rationality. This necessary development of judgment recalls in this manner the ideal of schiller while allowing his ideal, this time, to oscillate between extremes, thus providing evidence of that equilibrium that modernity in now forced to seek, although it already has taken roots in all kinds of excesses.
Abstract FR:
Action et poesie sont le plus souvent inconciliables. Neanmoins, on ne pourrait imaginer qu'une cloison etanche se dresse entre elles. Au contraire, on tend a chercher entre elles un rapport equilibre en vertu d'une sagesse englobante, depassant les vues parcellaires. A l'origine, la philosophie etait feconde justement parce qu'elle se presentait comme une formation a cet equilibre harmonieux et concret de l'etre. Rien ne parait plus necessaire pour notre monde que de raviver cet ideal grec de mesure et d'education. Il se profile aujourd'hui sur le fond de l'appartenance entre etre et rationalite. C'est ce que l'on trouve lorsque heidegger et schiller se confrontent sur la question de l'art et de l'ethique. Chacun peut representer un pole extreme de cette entre-appartenance. Le premier formule un ideal d'harmonie analogue a celui des classiques et surestime ainsi le lien entre art et rationalite pratique. Le second epure cet ideal de ces exces, ou subsistent les illusions metaphysiques de la volonte, et accentue plutot la disjonction entre art et action. Or, arendt montre qu'en cette matiere la pensee heideggerienne tend a se replier sur elle-meme, pour se retourner et virer en son contraire: en une nouvelle volonte de maitrise fermee a l'etre. L'+habitation poetique; heideggerienne doit donc pouvoir se traduire, non pas directement, mais avec jugement, dans les termes de la rationalite pratique. Cette formation necessaire du jugement rappelle ainsi l'ideal de schiller, mais, cette fois, en laissant son ideal osciller entre les extremes. Il temoigne ainsi par lui-meme de l'equilibre que la modernite est condamnee a rechercher, elle qui a laisse place a tous les exces.