Psychologie et philosophie chez quine
Institution:
Paris 4Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
In front of the mitigated failure of carnap and of the logical positivism in the endeavour to translate scientific theories by reducing them to sense-data with the help of logic, quine suggests that the natural sciences describe and explain their own appearance in their own terms i. E. With the help of their method of observing extenally and their (physicalistic) ontology of external objects. About this naturalization of epistemology by means of the externalization special to the method of the natural sciences en quine's opinion, the final assessment proves rather negative. As an empirical psychology alone of its kind consonant with the method of the natural sciences, behaviorism is unable to manage efficiently the factual genesis of the scientific apparatus of objective and abstract reference in a solely extensional way. Quine is bound by the externalized empiricism, that is behaviorism, to "speculate" on the internal processes in charge of the progressive construction of language and then of science. This antimentalism prevents quine from positing worthwile internal entities and thus he cuts back his own realism. The externalized empiricism leads him as well to deduce a priori the content of science from its method, instead of taking advantage of the whole actual content of science - which contravenes his own naturalism. The internal structures of the scientific discourse remain empirically indetermined because of the blending of the externalized empiricism with holism which is forced on quine by his extensionalism the systematizing of science, its universality and the clarity of its formalism is left under-determined i. E. Not actually reconstructed. In the same way the externalized empiricism is unable to restrain the decisionism due to holism within the confines of a pragmatism bound to evolutionism. The scientific account of the genesis of science by itself in such austere scientific terms as externalization and extensionalism brings about the damning paradox of a widespread under-determination i. E. A lack of scientificity and a rationality gap contrary to science. That proves the uncertainty of the self-sufficiency of science.
Abstract FR:
Devant l'echec de carnap et du positivisme logique, dans l'effort de traduction reductive des theories scientifiques en termes de donnees des sens a l'aide de la logique, quine propose aux sciences de la nature d'expliquer et de decrire leur propre emergence dans leurs propres termes c. A. D. A l'aide de leur methode d'observation externe et de leur ontologie (physicaliste) d'objets externes. Le bilan de cette naturalisation de l'epistemologie par l'externalisation propre a la methode des sciences naturelles selon quine, parait globalement negatif. Le behaviorisme, en tant que psychologie empirique seule conforme a la methode des sciences naturelles, ne peut mener a bien la genese factuelle de l'appareil de la reference objective et abstraite de la science, concu de maniere strictement extensionnelle. L'empirisme externalise, qu'est le behaviorisme, oblige quine a "speculer" sur les processus internes responsables de la construction progressive du langage puis de la science. Son antimentalisme interdit toute position d'entite interne consistante et mutile ainsi le propre realisme de quine. L'empirisme externalise conduit aussi quine a deduire a priori le contenu de la science a partir de sa methode, au lieu de mettre a profit tout le contenu effectif de la science - ce qui contrevient a son propre naturalisme. L'association de l'empirisme externalise avec le holisme, impose a quine par son extensionalisme, laisse empiriquement indeterminees les structures internes du discours scientifique. La caractere systematique de la science, son universalite et la clarte de son formalisme restent sous-determines c. A. D. Non effectivement reconstruits. L'empirisme externalise est de meme incapable de contenir dans les limites d'un pragmatisme lie a l'evolutionnisme le decisionnisme impose par le holisme. L'explication de la genese de la science par elle-meme dans des termes scientifiques stricts, comme ceux de l'externalisation et de l'extensionalisme, produit le paradoxe ruineux d'une sous-determination generalisee c. A. D. D'une perte de scientificite et d'un manque de rationalite contraire a la science elle-meme. Preuve est donc faite du caractere problematique de l'autonomie de la science.