Communaute et solitude chez nietzsche nietzsche, philosophe a part (entiere) |?
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Abstract EN:
Nietzsche refused to be considered as a metaphysician but this in no way implies his uprooting from the field of philosophy. Despite heidegger's opinion, this paradox (i. E. To be a philosopher, but not to be a metaphysician) serves the platonian theory of "gigantomachia" in the same way as nietzsche thwarted the two kinds of excesses described by pascal : either idolizing reason or rejecting it. His being a full-fledged philosopher did not eclipse the oddness of his thinking. Nietzsche successfully transferred his ambiguous germanism to the philosophical level. According to him, "being a good german paradoxically implies some degree of freedom from germanism" on the individual's part. Thus, the "free mind" (i. E. Released of all ideological slavery) draws and reproduces, in the area of thought, the fading portrait of the homeless traveler in the social existence. Nietzsche's life and thought are so inextricably intertwined that a time-consuming interpretation is highly preferable to any biased reading. Ranging from heidegger to the french schools, nietzsche's philosophy is often interpreted in an exclusive and ideological way. Some consider it as the ultimate achievement of platonism even though this metaphysics was constantly mocked by nietzsche himself. While others suggest such an exaggerated discrepancy between his outlook and the philosophical tradition that he is finally labelled either a politician, a mystic thinker or a deranged individual. This following study proposes to highlight and to question these two kinds of caricatures; then to bring out the general feeling of discom fort inherent to the interpretation of nietzsche's thought. It should be read as a way of calling hasty reader's attention to prudence and patience. Consequently, an ideal reading should go beyound the interpreter's bad faith, dogmatism or exegetic arrogance to understand how the nietzschean dispute is paradoxically (and musically) rooted in the philosophical tradition.
Abstract FR:
Nietzsche s'etait constamment oppose a la metaphysique sans deraciner pour autant son propos du domaine de la philosophie. Ce paradoxe de l'anti-philosophie encore philosophique accomplit, malgre heidegger, l'idee platonicienne de "gigantomachie" et esquive lucidement les deux figures pascaliennes de l'exces (exclure la raison ou n'admettre qu'elle). En se voulant "philosophe a part entiere" tout en se considerant "philosophe a part", nietzsche hissait au niveau de la pensee la tension qui marqua, durant sa vie solitaire, ses rapports complexes avec l'allemagne. Pour lui, "etre un bon allemand, c'est se depouiller du germanisme". Ainsi, "l'esprit libre" de toute servitude ideologique dessine dans l'espace de la pensee, le portrait indecidable du voyageur "sans-patrie" dans le monde de la vie. La vie et la pensee de nietzsche temoignent d'une unite qui invite les interpretes d'ordinaire partisans et presses, a considerer patiemment, a comprendre ce paradoxe de l'appartenance distante. De heidegger aux ecoles francaises, la reception de nietzsche se fait sur un mode caricatural, exclusif: le propos nietzscheen est tantot reduit a accomplir-achever l'epopee du platonisme qu'il tournait pourtant en derision, tantot "deporte" du domaine philosophique vers celui des ideologies politiques ou mystiques. Cette etude propose non seulement d'elucider la double derive ideologique de l'interpretation de nietzsche, mais aussi de montrer que le malaise qu'elle manifeste invite le lecteur a retrouver, par-dela la mauvaise foi des "ruminants universitaires", le "differentialisme", l'enthousiasme delirant des interpretes revolutionnaires, le mode paradoxal de "l'enracinement" de la critique nietzscheenne dans la tradition philosophique. Soutenu par un sens musical de la mesure et un souci genealogique de l'harmonie, le propos nietzscheen se "rapporte" constamment aux differentes ecoles en concurrence dans l'histoire de la philosophie tout en se montrant irreductible a aucune d'elles, "inclassable" parce que prompt a conjurer la demesure inherente a tout esprit de systeme.