Abstract FR:

This thesis examines the importance of the theme of tradition the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. The method adopted in this thesis has permitted us to more closely place in evidence the sense of the change in his thinking which brougt into question the method of a phenomenological hermeneutics (of the 1920s) in favor of a reduction of the thinking, factical ego of the self of the historiality of Dasein. This radicalization opens the way to a philosophy of destruction the object of wich, against Hegel, seeks to reanchor the history of philosophy in a philosophy of the historiality of Dasein. After freeing his position from a philosophy of history riveted in the reification of the past, Heidegger aims to deconstruct the domination of the present wich characterizes the Hegelian philosophy of history. In Being and time, the question of the authenticity of Dasein must be careful to avoid both a non critical retrieval of concepts inherited from the tradition and from the immediate self comprehension of Dasein. Destruction is thus directed against alienating everydayness ans against the deracinating tendency of tradition. Tradition then presents itself as an obstacle, as deracination and as obliteration or omission of the origin. The thesis conclu des with a final confrontation with Hegel in February 1957 : Heidegger opposes to the Hegelian Aujhebung the "step backward" as a way of liberating the fondamental language of Greek thinkers from the philosophical obstructions of the tradition.