Abstract EN:

Fernando pessoa : portuguese poet (1888-1935) comprehensive study of pessoa's heteronymous works, i. E. The poems written under the fictional names alberto caeiro, ricardo reis, alvaro de campos and under the orthonymous identity of fernando-pessoa-in-person, as well as the prose of the book of unrest, written by the semi-heteronymous bernardo soares, in order to clarify the category of "heteronymy" and "heteronyms" forged by pessoa himself. The objective of this research is to identify such a category from within poetry : the sudden appearance of the four heteronymous poets as an event; consideration of what the poem must assume vis-a-vis metaphysics and philosophy; and what the poem becomes when the poem meditates poetry as thought on poetry. As method, a "reading" of the poems, placed in opposition to both literary commentary and hermeneutic interpretation. The existence of heteronymy leads to a revision of verdicts : the ending century shall not have pronounced the epilogue of metaphysics and the death of philosophy alone. Taking pessoa as a support makes it possible to reduce the influence of heidegger, and at the same time to deliver holderlin from the weighty burden that philosophy imposes by designating him as the "poet's poet". Pessoa lightens philosophy rather than denying its existence ; the poet unfolds the original project of a "metaphysic without metaphysics" from within the poem, through four powerful figures : the garder (caeiro), the fictioner (pessoa-in-person), the effacer of the gods (reis), and the watcher (campos). While he criticized metaphysics most accurately by means of the poem, pessoa discerned how he would, and could, become the metaphysician go-between