Des ouvriers ecrivent. Le debat sur la litterature proletarienne en france (1925-1935)
Institution:
Paris 7Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
From 1925 to 1935 certain french literary circles reflected upon a new issue: proletarian literature. Through the various stages of the debate, a true literary crisis can be witnessed, one where the relation between literature and revolution did not represente real nature of the conflict. The consequences of this crisis were are as important to the field of literature as they were to the relationship between the intellectuals and the french communist party. In the first stage of the debate, only communist critics felt concerned. The need to assert their own communist identity and at the same time mantain their literary status foreed them to let the issue die out. In the second stage the debate is stated in literary terms and the subject matter is used as a banner for a generation of self-instructed writers who confront other groups already fighting for a monopoly of literaru "revolutionarity". In the third stage the french communist party, the authority referred to by these groups, comes into play, causing a crisis and a reorganization of the concerned literary circles. Finally, these writers convince the party to give up its proletarian literary policy, and by doing so recognize literature's autonomy and, moreover contribute, in 1936, to its national reinstalement.
Abstract FR:
De 1925 a 1935, la question d'une litterature proletarienne s'est posee a certaines franges des milieux litteraires francais. A travers les phases de ce debat, on peut lire la veritable crise qui a secoue le champ litteraire, pour des enjeux d'une autre nature que les rapports entre litterature et revolution. Cette crise a pese autant sur l'etat du champ litteraire que sur les rapports entre le pcf et les intellectuels. Dans la premiere phase, cette question n'est posee qu'aux critiques litteraires communistes qui, partages entre l'affirmation de leur identite communiste et le maintien de leur statut litteraire, preferent la laisser s'eteindre. Dans la deuxieme phase, la question est transposee dans les milieux litteraires, servant de banniere a une generation d'ecrivains autodidactes, qui vont alors s'affronter a d'autres groupes deja en lutte pour le monopole de la revolutionnarite en litterature. Dans la troisieme phase, l'instance consensuelle invoquee par ces groupes, le pcf, entre en jeu, provoquant une crise et une reorganisation des milieux litteraires concernes. Enfin, en lui faisant abandonner sa politique de litterature proletarienne, ces ecrivains obtiennent du pcf une reconnaissance de l'autonomie de la litterature, tout en contribuant a lui assurer sa reintegration nationale en 1936.