L'accentuation slave, etude diachronique
Institution:
Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008)Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The problems concerning the evolution of suprasegmental phenomens in slavonic languages have given rise to three major hypotheses which are refuted in the first part: that of a. Vaillant, who, using a comparative method, reconstitutes six common slavonic tones, of which three are secondary, of backward displacement on intonations dissociated from intensity, that of j. Kurylowicz, who bases most metatonies and accent movements on interferences between paradigms, that of p. Garde, who, extending the accentual properties of morphemes to whole flexional forms, presumes the existence of inaccentuable full words which take a circonflex accent later, the place depending ont he language. It is opportune to confront these incompatible theories with a realistic hypothesis of two fundamental laws: 1) the law of coalescence between intensity and tonality - regrouping the laws of hirt, and meillet - fortunatov, which is in itself a special case of a general law based on the properties of binary opposition succesivity simultaneity, and 2) a law of relative stability, discovered by internal and comparative analysis, and founded on three isomorphism: 1) isomorphism of long and short tones in serbo-croatian, which explains the metatonies by the intra-syllabic movements of the accent consecutive to the phonetical or morphological displacements of the word's limits; 2) isomorphism of the plans of content and expression, which confirms the analogical mechanisms of the extension of this law by remanence, a phenomenen of stabilisation in absentia of a change in praesentia; 3) isomorphism of syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes, which explains the circonflex tone by a law of maximum opposition analogue to the laws of dissimilation which ensure maximum contrasts.
Abstract FR:
Les problemes concernant l'evolution des faits suprasegmentaux slaves ont donne lieu a trois grandes hypotheses qui sont refutees dans la premiere partie: celle de a. Vaillant, qui, par la methode comparative. Reconstitue six tons slaves communs, dont trois secondaires, de recul sur intonations dissociees de l'intensite, celle de j. Kurylowicz, qui fonde la plupart des metatonies et deplacements d'accents sur des interferences entre paradigmes, celle de p. Garde, qui, etendant les proprietes accentuelles des morphemes aux formes flexionnelles toute entieres, suppose l'existence de mots pleins accentogenes inaccentuables recevant tardivement un circonflexe dont la place varie selon les langues. Il convient d'opposer a ces theories inconciliables, l'hypothese realiste de deux lois fondamentales: loi de coalescence de l'intensite et de l'acuite, regroupant les lois de hirt et de meillet-fortunatov, et cas particulier d'une loi cenematique fondee sur les proprietes de l'opposition binaire sequence cooccurrence; loi de stabilite relative, etablie par l'analyse interne et comparative, et fondee sur trois isomorphismes: 1) isomorphisme des tons longs et des tons brefs du serbo-croate, qui explique les metatonies par des deplacements d'accent intrasyllabiques repondant a des reculs ou avancees phonetiques ou morphologiques des frontieres du mot; 2) isomorphisme des plans du contenu et de l'expression, qui confirme les mecanismes analogiques de l'extention de cette loi par remanence, phenomene de fixation in absentia d'un changement in praesentia; 3) isomorphisme des axes syntagmatiques et paradigmatiques, qui explique le ton circonflexe par une loi d'opposition maximale analogue aux lois de dissimilation visant a assurer des contrastes maximums.