Morphologie derivationnelle et structuration du lexique
Institution:
Paris 8Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
This work tries to construct a consistent set of rules and principles organized into a hierarchy and constituting a generative grammar of the lexicon, to be applied to the french lexicon built by affixation and conversion. The main hypothesis is : behind the various irregularities one may observe in the attested part of the "built lexicon", lie deep regularities governed by a grammar such as the one here constructed. First, i analyze the reasons why the morphologists cannot generally see further than the obvious level : difficulties in the access to the material, burdensomeness of the traditional conceptions and tools used for the analysis of the derived words. Second, i sift out the observable irregularities in order to select (i) the apparent irregularities, most of them being extralinguistical, (ii) the formal and semantic subregularities, and (iii) the pure idiosyncrasies. This new classification of the apparent exceptions enables to mark off various types of complex words, then to define restrictively the concept of "derivational operation", finally to justify the hierarchy of various types of lexical rules presented here. Third, the detailed functioning of a lexical model based on such a stratified analysis of the data is explicitly described. This model is organized in three components that formalize (i) the underived material to be used by the rules ("base component"), (ii) the word formation rules ("derivational component"), and (iii) an ordered set of filters which function it is to adjust the de jure lexicon to the de facto one ("conventional component"). In comparison with the other leicalist models, this one is original, being altogether associative (the rules give to the derived words a morphological structure and a semantical interpretation that are associated), overgenerative when compared to the attested lexicon, and stratified, since the model organization agrees with the hierarchy of the regularities and of the various irregularities. The work is completed by sixteen annexes detailing spcific topics or giving corpus, plus four indexes.
Abstract FR:
Cet ouvrage tente d'elaborer et d'appliquer au lexique construit (par affixation et conversion) du francais un ensemble coherent et hierarchise de regles et de principes constituant une grammaire generative du lexique. L'hypothese fondamentale sur laquelle repose ce travail est la suivante : les irregularites de tous ordres observables sur la partie attestee du lexique construit cachent des regularites profondes gouvernees par cette grammaire. Sont d'abord envisages les obstacles qui empechent le morphologue de depasser le niveau de l'"evidence": difficultes d'acces aux materiaux, pesanteur des conceptions et des outils traditionnels de l'analyse des mots construits. Les irregularites observables sont soumises a un tri qui permet d'isoler les fausses irregularites, d'origine essentiellement extralinguistique, les sous-regularites, d'ordre formel et semantique, et les veritables idiosyncrasies. Cette redistribution des exceptions apparentes permet de distinguer divers types de mots complexes, de definir de facon contrainte la notion d'operation derivationnelle, enfin de justifier la construction de divers types de regles lexicales hierarchisees entre elles. Est ensuite explicite le fonctionnement detaille d'un modele lexical reposant sur cette analyse stratifiee des donnees. Ce modele est organise en trois composants qui formalisent respectivement les materiaux non construits qui servent aux regles (composant de base), les regles de construction des mots (composant derivationnel), et un ensemble ordonne de filtres charges de conformer le lexique de droit au lexique de fait (composant conventionnel). Il presente vis-a-vis des modeles lexicalistes concurrents l'originalite d'etre a la fois associatif (les regles attribuent aux mots construits une structure morphologique et une interpretation semantique associees), surgeneratif par rapport au lexique atteste, et stratifie, puisque l'organisation du modele respecte la hierarchie des regularites et des diverses irregularites. L'ouvrage est complete par seize annexes developpant des points particuliers ou fournissant des inventaires, et quatre index.