Victor hugo. Le droit a la parole
Institution:
Paris 3Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The body of work presented here for the doctorate is made up of a general introduction & of 25 articles. With on exception, all these articles have been published and with the exception of 2 they are all concerned with the work and activity of v. Hugo. Whatever theri immediate purpose, these studies contribute to the development of the same thesis. Their aim is, by probing into the manifold aspects of h's works as well as of his political stands, to analyse what is for hugo his mission as a writer, what is his conception of and how he puts into practice what he calls "the poet's role". This work emphasizes, on the one hand, the problematic character of the poet's status, a constant feature in the romantic movement once the classical models had been rejected and the old upholders of the written word -good, the curch, the king, the tradition- had been left aside. It stresses, on the other hand, the coherence of the answers given by the poet on the priple planes of 1) the abstract idea of this status 2) the direct or metaphorical representation of the poet himself 3) this poli- tical attitudes which emboody the links between the writer and the community he be- longs to. They all conjoin to delineate a "speaker's viewpoint" : the link that the text itself with the support of the image of the writer set ups between the person for whom the text is intended and who reads it. None of this immoveable in h's long career. His work and his activities taken in their progress and their diversity and furthermore the particular quality of his fame are thus considered as both the result and the means of the manifold strategies of the poet's conquest of the "right to ex- pression" used by hugo from the odes to his death - strategies he will also carry on or fight through the game of literary institutions. The introduction is followed by three parts : 1) general theorical studies (literature as an ideological achievement to give the subject his place, the "word exiled"-hugo's secific way of using speech, the individual and the subject in the romantic movement & in h's works, the realistic and the unrealistic in h's novels); 2) textual studies (crom. , n. D. P. , chat. , mis. , t. Mer, h. Q. Rit, a. T. , q. T. ); 3) historical studies : h's public life (1830-48; 1848-52; 1870-72); publication of his works & the reponse they met with.
Abstract FR:
L'ensemble des travaux soutenus en doctorat est forme d'une presentation generale et de 25 articles, tous sauf un publies en revue ou dans des ouvrages collectifs et qui, a l'exception de deux, l'un theorique, l'autre d'analyse bibliometrique, concernent l'oeuvre et l'action de hugo. Quel que soit leur objet immediat -outil de preuve : les sources de notre-dame de paris, ou point de depart : l'allusion a la commune dans quatrevingt-treize-, ces etudes participent au developpement d'une meme preoccupation. Il s'agit, par sondages dans l'ensemble des oeuvres et des conduites - politiques en particulier, d'analyser comment hugo concoit, represente et pratique son role d'ecri- vain, ce qu'il nomme la "fonction du poete". L'accent est mis d'une part sur le ca- ractere problematique, propre a tout le romantisme, du statut du poete une fois re- cuses les modeles classiques et perdus les anciens garants du discours : dieu, l'egli- se, le roi, la tradition ; d'autre part sur la coherence des reponses apportees con- siderees aux trois plans de la conception abstraite de ce statut, de la representa- tion metaphorique ou directe du poete et de la conduite politique qui enregistre con- cretement le rapport de l'ecrivain a la communaute. Elles definissent ensemble une "position d'enonciation" : un rapport que le texte, conforte de l'image de son auteur, institue par lui-meme entre son destinateur et son lecteur. Rien de tout cela n'est fixe dans la longue carriere de hugo. Ses oeuvres et son action dans leur continuite et leur diversite, mais aussi la qualite particuliere de sa gloire, sont donc inter- pretes comme resultats et moyens de diverses strategies de conquete du "droit a la parole" pratiquees par hugo des odes a sa mort et poursuivies ou combattues ensuite dans le jeu des institutions litteraires. Apres la presentation, trois parties : 1. Etudes theoriques et generales (la litte- rature comme pratique ideologique d'institution du sujet, la "parole exilee" : mode d'exercice du discours propre a hugo, individu et sujet dans le romantisme et chez hugo, realisme et irrealisme dans le roman hugolien); 2. Etudes de textes (cromwell, notre-dame de paris, chatiments, les miserables, les travailleurs de la mer, l'hom- me qui rit, l'annee terrible, quatrevingt-treize); 3. Etudes historiques - la vie pu- blique de hugo (1830-1848; 1848-1852; 1870-1872), -l'edition et la reception de ses oeuvres.