Mise en texte et narrativisation de l'histoire : etude linguistique de "el otono del patriarca" de gabriel garcia marquez
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Montpellier 3Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
This research aims at describing and lincking some of the linguistic processes which subjects, receiving and producing speeches, use to elaborate a meaning of history within history. Four approaches of narrativity are theoretically compared : genette's structuralist poetics, ricoeur's figurative hermeneutics, bakhtine's dialogical principle and the programmative model proposed by praxematic linguistics. Aporia pertaining to structuralists postulates of meaning immanence, sentence achrony and intransitivity of literary fiction provided the initial step of this investigation. On the contrary, we consider fiction as an experimental application of the linguistic function for representing and evaluating reality which, even in writen form, is inscribed in operative time according to reception and production processes. The narrative praxis thus makes past or virtual times and actions come alive, the figuration of which, for human subjects, constitutes the unique method for conceiving permanence within alteration, by building dynamic identity models. This conceptual apparatus was then tested on a large piece of neoromantic fiction which deconstructs and reconstructs speeches inherited from latin-american history. The irregular switching between three unequally formalised stories verifies the ability of narrative programme to demarcate and organise the various types of utterances, which appear in any long narrative, into a hierarchy. The multiplication of narrative instances, the unsettling of textualisation modalities, certain nomination conflicts and their controversal orchestration (adversation, concession, negation. . . ) all stress the high output of the concept of enunciative heterogeneity. The deregulation of tense switching, sentential and typographical structuration, succession between episodes and stories prove a contrario that only chronological representation allows subjects to adjust their action towards a future project.
Abstract FR:
Ce travail vise a decrire et articuler quelques-uns des processus linguistiques par lesquels les sujets recevant et produisant des discours construisent un sens de l'histoire dans l'histoire. Quatre approches de la narrativite sont confrontees theoriquement : la poetique structuraliste de genette, l'hermeneutique figurative de ricoeur, le principe dialogique de bakhtine et le modele programmatif forge par la praxematique. La recherche part des apories afferentes aux postulats structuralistes d'immanence du sens, d'achronie de l'enonce et d'intransitivite de la fiction litteraire. On envisage au contraire cette derniere comme une variante a visee experimentale de la fonction linguistique de mise en spectacle et d'evaluation du reel qui doit, meme a l'ecrit, etre inscrite dans le temps operatif de sa production et de sa reception. La praxis narrative apparait des lors mettre en tension des temps et des agirs passes ou virtuels dont la figuration, seule, permet aux sujets humains d'apprehender la permanence dans le changement en construisant des modeles dynamiques d'identite. Cet appareil conceptuel est ensuite eprouve sur une fiction neoromanesque de grande ampleur qui travaille les discours herites sur l'histoire latino-americaine. L'alternance irreguliere des sequences de trois recits inegalement aboutis avere l'aptitude du programme narratif a delimiter et hierarchiser les divers types d'enonces cohabitant en toute narration longue. La multiplication des instances narrantes, le dereglement de leurs modalites de textualisation, certains conflits de nomination et leur orchestration polemique (adversation, concession, negation. . . ) soulignent le fort rendement du concept d'heterogeneite enonciative. La deregulation de l'alternance des temps verbaux, de la structuration transphrastique et typographique, de la successivite des episodes et des recits fournissent des preuves a contrario du fait que la representation chronologique, seule, permet aux sujets d'inscrire leur action dans le sens du projet.