Createurs, creatures et creation dans l'oeuvre de marcel ayme
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Abstract EN:
Marcel ayme, an individualist, condemns all kinds of institutions and above all political ones, which exert their overwhelming power, depriving the individual of all freedom submerged as he is in the multitude. He rejects a materialistic civilization where man's soul vanishes and where the masks of social status are triumphant. Many a man, in his attempt to escape from a deceptive reality, indulges in imaginary paradises, in madness or death, since using the masks also impairs couple and family life. Therefore, the individual appears to be responsible for the pervading power of the mask. Indeed, he does not care much for truth which is as dangerous as lies. This stems from the fact that evil is, by nature, part of man as well as god and that sin is necessary for life. Thus, the writer invites us to accept creatures as they are and to remain hopeful. Throughout his spiritualistic quest, he throws off the yoke of reason, the legacy from the nineteenth century's intellectualism. He is urged to turn anew towards instinctive beliefs, the worship of the dead and of responsive gods. He endeavours to rediscover the roots of a faith which has never grown in him. His quest of god is the father's, it is that of his own identity which is reveales by the obsessional myth of twins. Because basic creativeness comes from the word which is god, its divine power wielded by the writer, leads him to find in himself the creator he was searching for, freer than god.
Abstract FR:
Marcel ayme, individualiste, denonce les institutions, surtout politiques, qui imposent leur pouvoir au detriment de la liberte de l'individu, noye dans la foule. L'ecrivain recuse le materialisme d'une civilisation ou l'homme perd son ame et ou triomphent les masques du rang social et des institutions religieuses, judiciaires, politiques. Beaucoup d'hommes essaient de fuir un reel decevant dans les paradis imaginaires, la folie ou la mort, d'autant plus que la pratique du masque affecte aussi la vie du couple et de la famille. L'individu parait alors responsable de l'emprise du masque, dont la parole est le materiau essentiel. Il a, en effet, peu de gout pour la verite, aussi dangereuse que le mensonge. C'est, nous dit marcel ayme, que le mal est naturellement dans la creature comme il est en dieu, et que le peche est necessaire a la vie. L'ecrivain nous invite donc a accepter les creatures comme elles sont, et a cultiver l'esperance. Sa quete spiritualiste lui fait rejeter le carcan de la raison, l'heritage intellectualiste du xixeme siecle, litteraire, scientifique et religieux; elle le pousse a renouer avec les croyances instinctives, le culte des morts et des dieux sensibles. Il tente d'y retrouver les racines d'une foi qui ne l'habite pas. Sa quete de dieu est celle du pere, celle de sa propre identite, que revele le mythe obsessionnel des jumeaux. La creation fondamentale etant celle du verbe, assimile a dieu, l'exercice de son pouvoir demiurgique par l'ecrivain lui fait trouver en lui-meme le createur qu'il cherchait, plus libre que dieu, plus acheve grace a sa condition mortelle.