Le lexique du créole de Guadeloupe : héritage, créativité, prédictibilité
Institution:
Antilles-GuyaneDisciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
This lexicographical research was carried out both on the basis of secondary source material and on field work. I was able to bring together material which will form part of other on-going lexicographical studies and which are also intended to illustrate an analysis of the mechanisms underlying the creole lexicon. The first volume deals with the mechanisms and this leads to the study of the problem of the inherited stock vis a vis the imported but integrated vocabulary. The creole language has introduced a series of morphophonemic and semantic changes on the lexical items taken from the source language and has created new bases for the continued developpement of its lexicon. Semantic analysis has not been fully treated. The processes which are presented in the first volume have exposed the different bases for the construction of the lexicon, i. E. General derivational processes (affixation an compounding), which are examined in the second volume (ii : creativity). Although it is generally believed that, unlike compounding, affixation is unproductive in the creole lexicon, I have tried to show that it is very active. I was most interested in discovering regularities which allow the formulation of derivational rules. Above all, it was important for me to deal with the question of "common usage" versus "archaisms", including the interplay of "new" versus "obsolete" attested.
Abstract FR:
L'objectif est de degager les mécanismes qui sous-tendent le fonctionnement du lexique et de souligner les régularites qui permettront de formuler des règles. L'analyse est menée en trois temps. Dans la première partie est examinée la question de l'héritage reçu et capitalisé ; quelles sont les diverses transformations (d'ordre phonétique, morphophonologique, sémantique) subies par les langues-sources ; quels sont les différents apports lexicaux (améridiens, africains, indiens, anglais, espagnols) ? On essaie de cerner comment le guadeloupéen a forgé de nouvelles bases lexicales et comment la notion de créativité lexicale est à l'oeuvre, notamment dans les processus tels que les redoublements et les onomatopées. La deuxieme partie examine des mécanismes morphologiques : affixationnels (préfixation et suffixation) et compositionnels. On y constate que le guadeloupéen dispose d'une composante dérivationnelle potentiellement puissante. Le troisieme volet de l'étude pose la question de l'insuffisance des matériaux lexicographiques existants, et le probleme crucial des lacunes accidentelles et systémiques, que seule une théorie adéquate du lexique pourra résoudre.