Maurice Blanchot et la fiction : une mise en demeure de l'écriture
Institution:
Paris 8Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
Starting from the fictional text of maurice blanchot, i first considered the notion of fiction in order to determine a purely literary principle of order. My deliberate decision was to radically differentiate these texts from blanchot's theoritical work, because i view them as revealing his personal thought on writing ; with the idea that one must go further than pure auto-reflex. Because they arrive at a more general meaning, the literary references which i have selected go far beyond blanchot and aim at bearing testimony to a concern which is common to modern times. I studied in particular, because it is an integral part of research on language, which i understood as a manifestation of a presence-absence. Starting from the hypothesis that there is something to be studied from the way the text appeared, my thinking went in the direction of a phenomenological critique and recognized fiction concealed in the guise of parrying. Indeed, if modern times cuts itself from the idea of literature as representation, one comes to the realization that the more writing closes in on itself, the more it creates a figure which turns away at the moment one thinks that it is becoming clear. In this way, analysis shows how fiction gets in the way of full abstraction and upholds the figuration as it moves towards its own destruction. The literary aspect which i considered as outside of ontology, cuts itself from a mode of being in order to appear otherwise, doing so by the reinvention of a thought which covets a space and time particular to the writing of fiction. Finally, under the intrinsic ambiguity of the fiction, i put forth the idea that it splits in two. I use psychoanalysis as a circuitous way to establish an idea of fictionality; in other words, the ambivalence of an idea which is part of an internal alteration. The logic is that of a similacrum that is to be linked to the marking of a trace, which always indicates something other that itself. This logic, under the apparent mode of "as if ", pledges an order of reality too intimate to speak about, because it is part of a latent externality.
Abstract FR:
A partir des textes fictionnels de maurice blanchot, l'etude envisage la notion de fiction pour determiner un principe d'ordre litteraire. Avec le parti pris de differencier ces textes de l'oeuvre theorique de blanchot, ils sont envisages comme revelateurs de ce qu'ils portent comme reflexion sur l'ecriture : avec pour idee qu'on ne peut s'en tenir au mode de l'autoreflexivite. Atteignant une portee plus generale, les references litteraires convoquees depassent largement blanchot et visent a temoigner d'une preoccupation commune de la modernite : la poesie, notamment, est exploitee en ce qu'elle participe d'une recherche sur le langage compris comme manifestation d'une presence-absence. Partant de l'hypothese d'un apparaitre textuel, la reflexion va dans le sens d'une phenomenologie critique et reconnait la fiction sous le mode de la feinte. En effet, on en vient a ce constat que si la litterature se replie sur elle-meme, elle engage une figure qui se detourne d'elle au moment ou on croit qu'elle s'eclaire. Ainsi l'analyse montre comment la fiction empeche la pleine abstraction et soutient la figuration en son propre mouvement de destitution. L'aspect litteraire, donne pour exterieur a l'ontologie, se coupe d'un mode d'etre pour apparaitre autrement - par la reinvention d'une pensee qui convoite un temps et un espace qui serait propre a l'ecriture de fiction. Enfin, on pose, sous l'ambiguite intrinseque de la fiction, son dedoublement. La psychanalyse est utilisee comme detour pour fonder une pensee de fictionnalite : c'est-a-dire l'ambivalence d'une pensee qui releve d'une alteration interne. La logique est celle d'un simulacre a lier a l'inscription d'une trace qui indique toujours autre chose que soi, qui, sous le mode apparent du + comme-si ;, engage un ordre de realite dont on ne saurait dire l'intimite parce qu'elle releve d'une exteriorite latente.