Acquisition et évaluation de la lecture labiale au moyen d'un vidéodisque interactif : Allao : un système, une méthode
Institution:
Paris 7Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Le systeme allao cherche a repondre aux difficultes inherentes de l'apprentissage de la lecture labiale au moyen d'une technologie particulierement adaptee, le videodisque interactif associe a l'ordinateur. Allao est constitue d'un videodisque comprenant 700 sequences de parole, syllabes, mots et phrases, prononces par differents locuteurs. Elles forment une base de donnees d'images, geree par des exercices, des lecons et des tests. Des fonctions propres a cette technologie (acces rapide a l'image, ralenti, incrustation de texte) ont ete utilisees pour developper une methode specifique d'enseignement complementaire des methodes classiques. Le systeme allao est structure autour des principes suivants : l'eleve exerce une action, donc un pouvoir, sur la parole de son interlocuteur video. A partir du clavier, il fait repet sequence de parole par le locuteur, demande des ralentis, le son, la reponse ecrite ou diverses aides a la comprehension; la methode est analytique ou globale selon les corpus selectionnes qui stimulent respectivement le decodage labial (syllabes), l'acces au lexique (mots), la comprehension globale (phrases); on propose a l'eleve un contexte stimulant d'observation de la parole afin de l'amener a prendre conscience de ses propres modalites de comprehension et a construire des regles utilisables en situation reelle de communication. Les resultats de la phase experimentale valident ces principes et montrent comment cet apprentissage ordinairement fastidieux s'est montre motivant et structurant. Les orthophonistes utilisant actuellement allao de facon reguliere observent une amelioration sensible de la capacite des sourds a la communication verbale, une forte motivation des eleves. Le but du systeme est tout d'abord l'enseignement de la lecture labiale aux deficients auditifs, mais il est uti pour mener d'autres actions de reeducation lies a la surdite, et en particulier : tests de lecture labiale, evaluation d l'aide d'une prothese auditive a la lecture labiale, education auditive, adaptation a la prothese auditive.
Abstract FR:
The allao system attempts to respond to the difficulties inherent in lip-reading learning by the use of specifically ada technology : the interactive videodisc driven by computer. The allao videodisc consists of 800 speech segments (syllables, words and sentences), uttered by several speakers. They constitute the video data base used to perform various exercices and tests. Specific functions of this technology (fast random access to a frame, replay, slow motion, text overlay) have been used to develop a teaching method complementary to classic methods. The allao system is built on the basis of the following principles : the hearing impaired user performs an action, thus exerting a "power" over the speech of the video interlocuteur : by means of the keyboard, the user may ask to see the sequence again, ask for a slow motion of that sequence, for an audio output, for an illustration of a word, for the written text or others aids to comprehension. The method is both analytical and global, depending on the linguistic category of the speech segments of the chosen exersise, or on the personal teaching approach of the therapist. Linguistic categories are used to respectively stimulat visual decoding (syllables), lexical access (words) and global comprehension (sentences, questions and answers). A stimulating context is proposed to the learner to observe and try to understand real speech. Thus, he may become aware of his comprehension mechanisms and be able to build his own rules to be used in a real communication situation. The results of the experimental stage have validated the above pedagogical principles. Speech therapists who regularly use the allao system observe a noticeable improvement of the deaf person's capability for verbal communication together with a strong motivation. The first goal of the system is to teach lip-reading impaired persons. The system may also be used in related fields : lipreading tests, auditive education and adaptation to the hearing aid.