Sens, situation, intentionalite
Institution:
Paris 4Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
'how can meaning be the source of contextual constraints', and 'how does the speaker purport to get the hearer to fulfill the conditions of satisfaction of his speech act'are the two questions 1 address myself to. The first question is susceptible of two types of answer: in intentional terms, when construed as a question about the logical structure of meaning; in terms of the double notion of endorsement commitment, when taken to bear on the relation between s and h. Chapter one, which deals with this question, also takes up such related issues as'background and representation', communicative intention' and' semantic versus intentional consistency'. The second question 1 answer in chapter two in terms of contextual transformations: in the absence of guaranteed means s could avail herself of to get h to do what is expected from him, all s can do is provide h with the means to understand and evaluate the content of her intention; or rather, to construct the relevant contexts of comprehsion and evaluation. Accordingly, s's utterance will trigger a series of transformations of h's mental context, which transformationsform the necessary prerequisite for those further contextual transformations. Chapter three is concerned with the extent to which those various modifications of the context are anchored in meaning. Its main focus is on those expressions which can be said to carry the relevant instructions intended for the comprehension process.
Abstract FR:
Cette these tente de repondre a deux questions; d'une part, "comment le sens peut-il etre source de contraintes situationnelles"; d'autre part, "comment le locuteur pretend-il amener le destinataire a remplir les conditions de satisfaction de son acte illocutoire?". A la premiere question - que l'on fera porter d'abord sur la structure logique du sens, ensuite, sur la relation entre interlocuteurs - on repondra, respec- tivement, en termes intentionnels, et en faisant intervenir la double notion de pri- se en charge et d'engagement. Le premier chapitre, qui traite de cette question, a- borde egalement celles de l'arriere-plan et de la representation, de l'intention de communication, et de la consistance semantique et intentionnelle. En reponse a la se- conde question, abordee dans le second chapitre, sera proposee la notion de transfor- mation situationnelle: le seul moyen dont dispose l pour amener d a realiser les con- ditions de satisfaction de son acte consiste a lui fournir les informations necessai- res a la construction d'un contexte de comprehension et d'evaluation. De ce fait, l'enon- ciation aura pour effet de transformer le contexte mental de d, laquelle transforma- tion devra permettre la construction eventuelle des contextes pertinents. Le troi- sieme chapitre tente de donner un ancrage linguistique a certaines de ces transfor- mations en les reliant a certains types d'expressions dont la fonction serait de vehiculer des instructions destinees a aider le processus de comprehension dans la construction des contextes mentionnes.