Les antilles entre l'assimilation, la negritude et l'antillanite
Institution:
Lyon 2Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Since aime cesaire published his first literary work : "notebook of a return to my native land", french west indian litterature has been studied from its ideological aspect. That's why it is considered as either anticolonialist, black african, "francophone", caribbean, creole or american, depending on the reader's point of view. It is supposed to be a weapon to fight for national independance or against alienation. As new concepts such as creolity and americanity have appeared, brought forth by a new generation of writers, we have to reassess this point of view. Such concepts as "assimilation, negritude and antillanity" have thence to be reestimated as well as traditionnel criticism of those concepts. Creolity and americanity result from a new apprehension of west indian history leading to a reassessenent of the idea of assimilation and also benefit from progress made in the field of linguistics of the creole language. Supporters of creolity are hence forward stressing the "diversalite", aspect of creole culture in the french west indies, while vincent placoly, considering the fact that the french antilles are part of america, insists on their americanity. From, now on, it is more important for french west indian writers to express their creole or antillean identity than indulge into ideological or political considerations (such considerations are however still to be found in their writings). Now, we may consider those main literary trends, that is negritude, antillanity, americanity an creolity, as so many aspects of poetics and when dealing with those pieces of literature and we should mostly take their literary aspects into account.
Abstract FR:
Depuis les premiers textes d'aime cesaire, la litterature antillaise est analysee sous un angle ideologique. Ainsi, selon le point de vue du lecteur, elle est anticolonialiste, negro-africaine, francophone, caribeenne, creole, americaine. . . Elle est censee participer au combat des intellectuels antillais contre l'alienation antillaise ou pour une independance nationale. Avec l'apparition de nouveaux ecrivains et de nouveaux concepts (ceux de creolite et d'americanite), cette interpretation merite d'etre nuancee. Une reevaluation des concepts d'assimilation, de negritude et d'antillanite s'imposait ainsi qu'un bilan de la critique traditionnelle. C'est l'objet de la premiere partie de cette etude. Dans la deuxieme partie, on s'apercoit que les nouveaux concepts de creolite et d'americanite apparaissent comme la consequence d'une relecture de l'histoire antillaise, impliquant une reevaluation de la notion d'assimilation, mais beneficient egalement des avancees de la linguistique creole. Le creole n'etant plus percu comme une langue d'origine africaine, les partisans de la creolite mettent alors l'accent sur la "diversalite" de la culture creole des antilles francaises tandis que vincent placoly, considerant que les antilles font partie de l'aire americaine, prone leur americanite. Desormais, chez les ecrivains antillais, c'est l'illustration d'une identite antillaise ou creole qui prime et non plus les considerations ideologico-politiques, memes si elles ne sont pas absentes des textes. Bien que les partisans de la creolite considerent que leur mouvement supplante desormais la negritude et l'antillanite, la premiere etant pour eux completement depassee.