La representation de paroles au discours indirect libre en anglais et en francais
Institution:
Paris 7Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
This study, based on a contrastive approach, deals with the phenomenon of free indirect speech (as opposed to free indirect thought) within the framework of the theory of enunciation. It uses a corpus of literary texts in english (novels and short stories of the 19th and 20th century) and their published translations. Through the analysis of the differences recurrently appearing in the translations of fis passages, the diverging enunciative orientations at work in english and french are brought to light. Foremost among those differences is the frequent appearance in english of fis with so-called parentheticals (he/she said) and the problems of translation (into french) this category of fis involves. The contrastive analysis of fis with parentheticals leads one to reexamine the syntactic organisation of reported speech (relations between reported clause and reporting clause) from an enunciative viewpoint. The various modes of representing speech (ds, is and fis) in english seem to form a continuum, or at least to overlap at certain points, whereas in french the boundaries between those modes of representing speech are more clearly marked and less easily crossed. From there, one is also led to re-assess the aspectuo-temporal markers of both languages, and in particular to describe the differences between the english simple past and past progressive on the one hand, and the french passe simple and imparfait, on the other hand the now classic opposition between histoire and discours as defined by e. Benveniste, which has been crucial to the discussion of fis to this day, is also re-visited and again appears to be far less operative in english than in french. Besides, fis being mainly a literary phenomenon, this study is also a contribution to stylistics and textual analysis, in a linguistic perspective.
Abstract FR:
Cette etude, fondee sur une demarche contrastive, traite de la representation de paroles au discours indirect libre dans le cadre de la theorie des operations enonciatives. Elle s'appuie sur un corpus de textes litteraires en anglais et leur(s) traduction(s) publiee(s). Les orientations enonciatives divergentes de l'anglais et du francais sont mises au jour a travers l'analyse des differences recurrentes apparaissant au niveau des traductions. La plus grande frequence du dil avec enonce primaire (he said dit-il) en anglais constitue l'une des differences majeures entre les deux langues et est la source de nombreux problemes de traduction. Cette etude du dil avec enonce primaire conduit a un re-examen de la syntaxe du discours rapporte (le lien entre enonce rapporte et enonce primaire/enonce rapportant) dans une optique enonciative. Les modes de representation de la parole en anglais (dd, di et dil) semblent former une sorte de continuum, tandis qu'en francais les frontieres entre ces categories du discours rapporte semblent beaucoup plus marquees. Ceci conduit a une analyse differentielle des marqueurs aspectuotemporels dans les deux langues ; en particulier a une analyse des differences entre preterit simple et preterit be+ing d'un cote, et, passe simple et imparfait de l'autre. L'opposition desonnais classique entre histoire et discours, telle que definie par e. Benveniste, au centre du debat recent sur le dil, est elle aussi re-examinee et apparait beaucoup moins determinante en anglais qu'en francais. En outre, le dil etant un phenomene surtout litteraire, cette etude est aussi une contribution de la linguistique a la stylistique et a l'analyse textuelle.