Innovations formelles et évolution des savoirs dans l'oeuvre de Jean Lemaire de Belges (1473-ap. 1515)
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Abstract EN:
The second generation rhetorician, the franco-burgundian jean lemaire de belges, usually considered as a janus bifrons, a transitionary figure between the middle ages and the renaissance, is more than just a simple reduction to the state of a symbol or a chronological marker. Only a close examination of his life and work can help to understand his status in a living concrete manner. The numerous formal innovations he achieves - rules of feminine caesuras, terza rima, poetic or more expressive prose, new or transformed genres, enriching the vocabulary corresponding, of course, to the attachment that the rhetoricians have for form ; they nevertheless express a break away from certain aspects of their style. At the same time, they are significant of an evolution of themes treated and mentalities, and speak for the future. Relations with humanists of his life-time, humanist ways, -such as neo-latin, the quoting and translation of + classical ; texts-, humanist convictions and preoccupations -historic conscience, italianism, linguistic and cultural patriotism- complete this portrait of a humanist rhetorician. But his life like his work cannot be summarized in a juxtaposition of these two aspects. The biographical circumstances and particularly the position of court writer, as well as the allegorical context inherited from his predecessors, have played both a permissive and restrictive role. As a result of consecutive deaths and changes of protectors, lemaire de belges has become concious of his personnality as an author at the same time as the contradictions inherent to his position and his culture.
Abstract FR:
Le rhetoriqueur de la seconde generation, le franco-bourguignon jean lemaire de belges, habituellement considere par la critique comme un janus bifrons, une figure de transition entre le moyen age et la renaissance, merite mieux que cette reduction a l'etat de symbole ou de repere chronologique. Seul un examen attentif de sa vie et de son oeuvre peut permettre d'apprehender sa situation de maniere concrete et vivante. Les nombreuses innovations formelles qu'il realise - regle des cesures feminines, terza rima, prose poetique ou plus expressive, enrichissement du lexique, genres nouveaux ou transformes - correspondent, certes, a l'attachement que les rhetoriqueurs vouent a la forme ; elles manifestent cependant une rupture avec certains aspects de leur style. En meme temps, elles sont significatives d'une evolution des themes traites et des mentalites, et elles engagent l'avenir. Relations avec des humanistes de son temps, pratiques humanistes-telles que le neo-latin, la citation et la traduction de textes + classiques ; -,convictions et preoccupations humanistes - conscience historique, italianisme et patriotisme linguistique et culturel - completent ce portrait d'un rhetoriqueur-humaniste. Mais sa vie comme son oeuvre ne peuvent se reduire a une juxtaposition des deux aspects. Les circonstances biographiques et, en particulier, la condition d'ecrivain de cour, ainsi que le cadre allegorique herite de ses predecesseurs, ont joue un role tantot contraignant, tantot permissif. Au gre des deces et des changements de protecteurs, lemaire de belges a pris conscience de sa personnalite d'auteur, en meme temps que des contradictions inherentes a sa condition et a sa culture.