Bilinguisme et interculturalite : la problematique de l'interculturalite franco-allemande dans les structures scolaires : le cas de l'alsace
Institution:
MulhouseDisciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The analysis of franco-germanic intercultural relations as observed in the educational system as currently practised in alsace is focused on the situation in this region because of its unique geographical location, its history and its atypical linguistic characteristics which have contributed to a predetermined region where both french an german languages and cultures fuse together to form a cohesive entity. This specific alsatian identity has been widely accepted by those in power and thus has been consistently reflected in the system of education. This region, in which it would seem possible for both french and german languages to have the right to co- exist, has regulary suffered from linguistic persecution and prohibition, and as a result, the consequences have been particulary grove. Nevertheless, it is evident that alsatian society has gradually become aware of its particular strong points and that those responsible for the progressive introduction of the teaching of german to younger children have put into practice the principle of equal teaching time in both french and german. A bilingual pupil is an individual with a new perspective on life enriched by intercultural psychology. It is the school's responsability to promote links between bilinguism and intercultural relations and to encourage such developments throughout europe, in anticipation of a clear way ahead for all nationalities to share in a tolerant and open society
Abstract FR:
La problematique de l'interculturalite franco-allemande dans les structures scolaires et notamment la relation entre le bilinguisme et l'interculturalite constituent l'axe de reflexion de cette etude. L'analyse est centree sur le cas de l'alsace parce que la situation geographique, l'histoire et les caracteristiques linguistiques de cette region en font un lieu ou les langues et les cultures francaises et allemandes se rencontrent. La specificite alsacienne bilingue et biculturelle a ete diversement reconnue au cours de l'histoire et l'institution scolaire en a ete le reflet. L'alsace, ou le francais et l'allemand devaient cohabiter naturellement, connut souvent l'in- terdit ou l'intolerance linguistique dont les consequences ont ete severes. Neanmoins, la societe alsacienne a pris conscience progressivement de ses atouts et a conduit l'institution scolaire a accepter d'evoluer en generalisant l'enseignement precoce de l'allemand et en introduisant un enseignement bilingue a parite horaire du francais et de l'allemand qui se developpe rapidement. L'apprentissage de l'allemand, langue regionale d'alsace, est devenu une des missions de l'institution scolaire. Mais le bilinguisme scolaire risquerait d'etre artificiel s'il n'etait pas simultanement un vecteur d'interculturalite. Le sujet bilingue est, en fait, un in- dividu nouveau anime d'une psychologie interculturelle. Il appartient donc a l'ecole de donner les impulsions pour que le bilinguisme et l'interculturalite soient associes et puissent viser une extension europeenne en vue de construire le devenir commun dans un esprit d'ouverture et de comprehension.