Les figures de construction dans la syntaxe latine (1500-1780)
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Abstract EN:
The present work aims at studying what was the notion of "figure of construction" for three centuries and the function which the device, made up of its various forms, occupied in latin syntax. There were eight of the latter species in 1500, originating from the grammar used in roman antiquity and the middle ages, and they were used to analyse deviations and distorsions in latin speech. From linacre onwards (1524), they formed an integral part of syntactic explanation which was reorganized around the four part scheme : addition (pleonasm), substraction (ellipsis), substitution (antiptosis, enallage), modification of order (hyperbaton). In the works of sanctius and his successors, ellipsis was awarded a prevailing part until 1767, with beauzee. Meanwhile pedagogic tradition, derived from despauterius, still accorded much importance to substitution. Moreover the matter of word order in latin became crucial whan correspondences between latin and french had to be established. Figures then facilitated translating one laguage into another and took on a transliguistic function. The present work also intends to provide the history of latin teaching with new elements. Thanks to the systematic study of 127 syntactic examples, it methodically analyses the resulting epistemological and pedagogic modifications.
Abstract FR:
Ce travail a pour but d'etudier sur une periode de trois siecles la notion de "figure de construction" et la fonction qu'occupe dans la syntaxe latine le dispositif constitue par ses differentes especes. Ces dernieres, heritees de la grammaire antique et medievale, sont au nombre de huit en 1500 et servent a analyser les ecarts et distorsions dans le discours. A partir de linacre (1524), elles font partie integrante de l'explication syntaxique qui se reorganise autour du schema quadripartite : addition (pleonasme), soustraction (ellipse), substitution (antiptose, enallage), modification de l'ordre (hyperbate). Dans les ouvrages de sanctius et de ses successeurs, l'ellipse acquiert une place dominante, jusqu'a beauzee (1767), alors que la tradition pedagogique, heritiere de despautere, continue de faire une large part a la substitution. Par ailleurs la question de l'ordre des mots latins devient essentielle quand il s'agit d'etablir des correspondances entre latin et francais. La figure favorise alors le passage de langue a langue et acquiert une dimension translinguistique. Ce travail entend apporter aussi des elements a une histoire de la pedagogie du latin. Un suivi systematique de 127 exemples syntaxiques permet d'analyser methodiquement les changements epistemologiques et les mutations pedagogiques qui en ont resulte.