Les rapports du sujet et du paysage dans l'oeuvre poétique et critique de Philippe Jaccottet (1944-1997)
Institution:
Paris 8Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Whether it evokes a fragment of a country, a space of imaginary projection, an aesthetic, literary or pictural (re)-presentation, the relation between self and landscape occupies a "central" place in the work of philippe jaccottet : through this question, the uniqueness and complexity of one's relationship to the world, to time and to space, to oneself and to others, to language and to art find their voice and turn into figures. Moreover, this question is the focus of jaccottet's critical approach to the books of other authors: not only is jaccottet a major translator, he is also the author of a largely underrated and unknown critical work. Starting from as large a corpus as possible (1944-1997), we first examine the "horizons" of his work before tackling his poetic writing itself. Through the analysis of a complex network of interacting parameters - geographical, historical, economic, ideological, existential, aesthetic and ethical - which underlie the fixed points and the movements of his biography, we show that jaccottet maps out in space an emblematic route with regard to landscape. We then reconstruct, from all of his critical work, the imaginary "countries of reading" that he invents: these are shown to cristallize around the dialectics of nature and culture. Finally, we show that the passage from reading to writing, from the critical to the poetical side of the work, and the orientation of these two sides with respect to the landscape, comes about through the tension between various forms of absence and presence, regarding oneself and others, or the world and art ; between verse and prose, poetry and reflexion, betweeen the constellations of his reading, a source of ecstasy, and the light of the surrounding scenery which enraptures him, sparks off his poetic vision and leads him to use landscape as the foundation of his work.
Abstract FR:
Qu'elle evoque un fragment de pays, un espace de projection imaginaire ou une (re)presentation esthetique, litteraire ou picturale, la question des rapports du sujet et du paysage occupe une place "centrale" dans l'oeuvre poetique de philippe jaccottet : a travers elle, la singularite et la complexite d'une relation au monde, au temps et a l'espace, a soi et a l'autre, au langage et aux oeuvres d'art trouvent a se dire et a se mettre en figures. Mieux encore, cette question traverse et oriente egalement la relation critique que le poete entretient avec les livres des autres : traducteur d'envergure, jaccottet est aussi l'auteur d'une oeuvre critique largement meconnue. En partant du corpus le plus large possible (1944-1997), on enquete donc sur les "horizons" de l'oeuvre avant d'aborder l'ecriture poetique elle-meme. En interrogeant le reseau et le jeu des parametres - geographique, historique, economique, ideologique, existentiel, esthetique et ethique - qui sous-tendent les points d'ancrage et les deplacements de la biographie, on montre que jaccottet trace dans l'espace un itineraire emblematique du point de vue du paysage. Puis on reconstitue a partir de toute son oeuvre critique la cartographie imaginaire des "pays de lecture" qu'il invente : tous cristallisent autour de questions et de configurations relatives aux rapports entre nature et culture. On montre enfin que le passage de la lecture a l'ecriture, du versant critique au versant poetique de l'oeuvre, et l'orientation de celles-ci vers le paysage s'effectuent sur le mode de la tension entre diverses formes d'absence et de presence a soi et aux autres, au monde et aux oeuvres : entre vers et prose, entre poesie et reflexion, entre le ciel astral des livres, source d'extase, et la lumiere des lieux qui saisit le poete et l'incite a "tabler" sur le paysage pour fonder son oeuvre.