Abstract EN:

OUR DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IS THREEFOLD AND ITS THREE PARTS COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER. IN THE FIRST PART WE MAKE AN ATTEMPT TO DEFINE THE TRANSLATION PROBLEM. THIS IS ALTOGETHER GENERAL AND ANALYTICAL; IT CAN HAVE AN OVERALL SCOPE OR CAN BE AN AD HOC DIFFICULTY; AND ITS NATURE HAS TO DO WITH LANGUAGE, METHODOLOY AND COGNITION AS WELL. ANY TRANSLATION PROBLEM CAN AFFECT DIFFERENTLY THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE TEXTE TO BE TRANSLATED AS WELL AS THE WRITING OR WORDING OF THE TRANSLATED TEXT. AT THIS POINT, WE PUT FORWARD A NEW ANALYTICAL UNIT THAT WE CALL, IN FRENCH A TRADUCTEME. IT IS THE SMALLEST ANALYTICAL UNIT, RELATED TO LANGUAGE OR COGNITION OF VARAIBLE length, WICH CAN BE PERCEIVED OR DEDUCTED IN THE ANALYSIS OF A TRANSLATION VERSUS THE ORIGINAL. THE TRADUCTEMES SHOULD NOT BE MISTAKEN WITH THE RESULT OF A MERE SPLITTING OF PHYSICAL UNITS OF THE WRITTEN TEXTE; FAR FROM BEING TINY BITS OF A LINGUISTIC NATURE, THEY POSE THEMSELVES AS COGNITIVE, ANALYTIC, AND COMPOSITIONAL UNITS. TALKING OF THIS GENERAL AXIS, WE MUST SAY THAT IT IS HERE THAT ONE LEARNS TO IDENTIFY THE KIND OF TRANSLATION PROBLEM(S) ONE IS DEALING WITH AT A GIVEN MOMENT, BUT DEPENDING ON THE STAGE THE TRANSLATOR IS IN: BEFORE, DURING OR AFTER THE TRANSLATION PROCESS, SECOND, WE LOOK AT A CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSLATION PROBLEMS: RELATED TO LANGUAGE, DEALING WITH COGNITION OR CONCERNING CULTURE. IN EACH AND EVERY CATEGORY, THE PROBLEMS ARE LOOKED AT IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY THEM AND DERMINE IF THE TRANSLATOR HAS TO DO WITH A DIFFICULTY OF UNDERSTADING (IDENTIFYING WHAT IS IN THE ORIGINAL), OR A REEXPRESSION ONE (HOW TO TRANSFER THE ORIGINAL MEANING IN THE TRANSLATION). THE LAST PART, IT IS ABOUT DOCUMENTATION AND LITTERATURE TRANSLATORS COULD USE TO HELP SOLVING THE PROBLEMS THEY ENCOUNTER. THEY ARE LANGUAGE-ORIENTED AS IT IS THE CASE WITH MONOLINGUAL OR BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES, DESCRIPITVE AS WITH ENCYCLOPEDIA, GENERAL ONES AS WELL AS SPECIALIZED, ATLAS AND SO ON.