L'éclosion du roman féminin en Afrique noire francophone : 1969-1985
Institution:
Montpellier 3Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
In an effort to discover the reasons for the late appearance of the feminine african novel; we will look into the status of the african women in the traditional world, the evolution of the image of the women in literature and the biographies of female writers. This literary production travels beyond a study of the condition of woman. A very strong fictional live, showing the hidden face of society and creates an atmosphere which expresses a world troubled by political, economic and social problems. However, in a country undergoing transformation, african women have great difficulty in finding their true image appear doorned to the destiny of marriage and mothehood and are inevitably confronted by polygamy. Others, those influenced by western culture or prostitutes vainly attempt to adapt to the changes around them. The figurehead of the female novel remains the eternel woman, prisoner of her body, submissive and virtuos, who lives with a husband who is both fickle and cruel. Thus equally the problems of the couple are confronted and the image of man defined. The womans writers have a certain reserve towards feminist movements, as the latter might read to the depravity, a loss of cultural identity and growth in social imbalance, this viewpoint restricts the woman framework of their fiction, but their scepticism towards emancipation bears witress to their attachments to ancestral values.
Abstract FR:
Pour essayer de decouvrir les raisons de l'eclosion tardive du roman feminin negro-africain, on posera un regard interrogateur sur le statut de l'africaine dans le monde traditionnel, sur l'evolution du visage de la femme dans la litterature et sur la biographie des romancieres. Cette creation romanesque ne se rapporte pas uniquement au statut de la femme. A une critique partielle des structures sociales, s'ajoute un imaginaire tres fort qui est l'expression d'un monde trouble sur le plan politique, economique et social. Mais, dans un pays en mutation, les africaines eprouvent du mal a trouver leur propre image. Les plus nombreuses restent vouees a la destinee de mere-epouse et sont inevitablement confrontees a la polygamie. D'autres, les acculturees, les prostituees tentent, mais vainement, de s'adapter aux transformations sociales. La figure de proue demeure la femme eternelle, prisonniere de son corps, soumise et qui vit aux cotes d'un epoux volage et cruel. Ainsi se posent egalement les problemes du couple et se dessine l'image de l'homme dans la litterature. Les romancieres emettent une certaine reserve a l'egard des mouvements feminins, car ils risquent d'entrainer la depravation, une perte de l'identite culturelle et un accroissement du desequilibre social. Ce point de vue restreint le cadre humain de leurs fictions, mais leur septicisme vis-a-vis de l'emancipation temoigne leur attachement aux valeurs ancestrales.