Le discours de l'essai de langue française en Algérie : mises en crise et possibles devenirs (1833-1962)
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Abstract EN:
Our work is an attempt at exploring a series essays published by some natives from algeria during the french colonial period. As early as 1880 the "resistance-dialogue" is marked by some writings expressing a particular voice, between a colonial discourse reiterated, and claims for the indigeneous community. The first intellectuals were asking for more justice, some equality, schools and roads, and less taxation (income tax and collective sanctions) in favour of their fellow- countrymen. The issues studied here are : religion, the arabic language, women, schooling and free access to foreste-lands. Thus, these intellectuals mapped out the symbolic path of their resistance. 1930 is the milestone of a nation-oriented discourse and of more radical claims. The end of the colonial period is foreseen an clearly stated. The 1945 caesura triggers a revival of history an the emergence of abdelkader and jugurtha as the ancestral figures of resistance. Few essays have been written during the liberation war. Fanon and lacheraf's writings, like most other writings, althrough rooted in the colonial discourse are already looking towards the post-independance period. Their writings analyse the ongoing process and herald the first denunciations of the deviated revolution. Their discourse is no longer addressing the "other" but directed toward their own society. Already the figure of the post-independence intellectual is sketched, and his discourse is marked by awareness but remains iconoclastic. Beside the study of women writing is dealt with separately and goes beyond 1962 to show the continuum of a particular type of writing
Abstract FR:
L'etude porte sur un ensemble d'essais publies par des algeriens pendant toute la duree de la presence francaise. Des 1880, la resistance-dialogue est jalonnee par des textes ou se fait entendre une voix particuliere, entre reiteration et revendication pour la collectivite. Ils demandent plus de justice, un peu d'egalite, des ecoles et des routes et un allegement des charges (impots, sanctions collectives) pour leurs coreligionaires. Les themes traites sont la religion, la langue arabe, la femme, l'ecole, la libre circulation dans les forets. Ils tracent ainsi les lieux d'une resistance symbolique. 1930 marque la naissance du discours nationalitaire et des revendications plus radicales. La fin de la colonisation est envisagee et clairement enoncee. La cesure de 1945 est suivie par une remontee dans l'histoire et l'elaboration des ancetres-resistants : abdelkader et jugurtha. La guerre de liberation voit peu d'essais. Les textes de fanon et de lacheraf, s'ils partent du discours colonial sont deja tournes vers l'apres 1962. Ils analysent le processus en cours et lancent les premieres denonciations des detournements de la revolution. Leur discours n'est plus tourne vers l'autre, mais vers l'interieur de leur societe. Deja se dessine la figure de l'intellectuel d'apres l'independance : marque par la vigilance, son discours est toujours iconoclaste. Par ailleurs, l'etude de l'essai feminin a ete mise a part et deborde 1962, pour montrer la continuite d'une ecriture particuliere