L'association des "Ulama" musulmans algériens et l'administration française en Algérie de 1931 à 1956
Institution:
Aix-Marseille 1Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The algerian muslim's association of ulama was founded in 1931. It is a religious group composed of scholars of the arabic culture with a reformist tendency. This association follows the big religious reform movement of the beginning of the 19 th at machrek. At the religious level, the ulam's purpose is to fight against practices which are considered to be in contrast to the muslim's orthosoxy. At the culturel level, they try to keep their arabica-muslim's personality and fight against their assimilation. The french administration authorities do not stay indifferent, particularly after the failure of the traditionalists in their fight against the ulama, because the maraboutisl has become the warrant of social and political stability in algeria. The authorities react by taking steps against the ulama, i. E. The prohibition to pray in the so-called "official" mosques. These measures push the ulama to go towards political groups which favour the formation of the algerian muslim's congress in 1936. A charter, which claims political, social and economic rignts is submitted to the governement of the popular front. Disappointed with by the answer to their claims, the ulama do not hesitate to approach radical nationalists and demand the end of the colonial order. But when in november 1954, the insurrection is triggered off, they do not take part in the armed fight. It is only when they have been disappointed in their search for a pacifist way out of the algerain problem that they join the fln.
Abstract FR:
L'association des ulama musulmans algeriens s'est constitutee en 1931. C'est un groupement religieux compose de lettres de formation arabe et de tendance reformiste. Cette association se rattache au vaste mouvement de reforme religieuse qui se manifeste au machrek au debut xixe siecle. Au plan religieux, les ulama se proposent de lutter contre les pratiques contraires a l'orthodoxie musulmane. Au plan culturel, ils cherchent a sauvegarder leur personnalite arabo-musulmane et luttent contre l'assimilation. Les autorites administratives francaises ne restent pas indifferentes, surtout apres l'echec des traditionalistes dans leur combat contre les reformistes. Car, le maraboutisme est devenu le garant de la stabilite socio-politique en algerie. Des mesures sont prises alors contre les ulama dont l'interdiction des preches dans les mosquees dites "officielles". Ceci pousse les ulama a se rapprocher des autres formation politique, ce qui favorise la reunion du congres musulman algerien en 1936. Une charte revendicative d'ordre politique, social et economique est presentee au gouvernement du front populaire. Decus par la reponse faite a leurs revendications, les ulama ne tardent pas a se rapprocher des nationalistes radicaux, en reclamant la fin du systeme colonial. Cependant, lorsque l'insurrection s'est declenchee en novembre 1954, ils ne s'engagent pas dans la lutte armee. Ce n'est qu'apres leur deception de trouver une issuu pacifique au probleme algerien qu'ils rejoignent le front de liberation national.