L'organisation de l'occupation du sol en pays bamoun : contribution de l'imagerie satellitaire à l'étude de la dynamique des paysages
Institution:
Aix-Marseille 1Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The bamun land is a socio-economic and political unit. The civilisation developed here set a bipolar structure make of towns and country. The space divided into concentric areas, is organised by and for the town. It hat known several transformations since its formation up to now. One of these happened with the arrival of colonisation and cattle rearers. An attemp to destructurate social noms occurs during colonial period. With colonial peace, cattle rearers settled in the bamun land, and international trade was develop. Colonial coffee plantations and peasants farms appeared on the black volcanic soils of foumbot. The intemal population and towns growth cause an intersification of agriculture for the revictualing of urban centers. The space becomes scarce, and as a result of the use made of it by cattle rearers and farmers, the settlement of important land use programs (dams, high ways, reforestation) which consume space. Country tends escape from town control. High lands and grassfields are densely occupied. Bamun land is a potential overfall zone for populations settled on these units. Remote sensing offers a possibility of diachronic and synchronic analisis of the milieu. But atmospheric conditions of the erea (clouds, smokes, mists, haze. . . ) and the technique hinder its use. Meanwhile, it's a precious tool for a study of dynamic changes in bamum area. The analisis of spatial systems shows that concentric structures are generalised on the central plateau, while the paeallel structures occupy the low lands of this zone. Many tendencies are now present : population densification, the development of agricultural technics and the arrival of new populations. The management of the. . .
Abstract FR:
Le pays bamoun est une entite socio-economique et politique precoloniale. Conquetes et vassalisations ont contribue a la creation d'un vaste royaume pratiquantl'agriculture sur des domaines ruraux et exercant le commerce international. Il s'y est developpe une civilisation qui a mis en place une structure spatiale en aureoles concentriques, un espace organise par la ville et pour la ville. La colonisation et l'arrivee des eleveurs nomades introduisent de nouvelles formes d'occupation du sol. Les grandes plantations de cafe naissent et autour d'elles, se developpent des exploitations paysannes. Il y a une tentative de destruction sociale. Les reformes agraires et l'accroissement de la population favorisent le developpement de l'agriculture. L'espace se rarefie de par l'utilisation faite par les eleveurs et les agriculteurs, les grands amenagements (barrages reservoirs, reboisement, voies de communication). La campagne echappe a la ville. Les hautes terres de l'ouest et des grassfields connaissent de fortes densites. Le pays bamounse presente comme le deversoir potentiel du trop plein des populations installees sur ces ensembles. La cartographie de la dynamique des paysages utilisant la teledetection est entravee par les conditions physiques du milieu (brume seche, nuages. . . ). . .