Oriente, playas y castillos : pratiques, images et politiques touristiques en Espagne : 1830-1928
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Abstract EN:
Orient, beaches and castles. Toutist practices, impressions and policy in spain between 1830 and 1928 sets out to prove the diversity of spanish tourism over a long period. Side by side with romantic tourism (1830-1860), this study paves the way to discovering the recreational activities that accompanied both "taking the waters" - a practice which was not very widespread in spain- and medicinal bathing is its early stages, mainly in the bay of cadiz and along the coasts of the basque and alicante regions. At this time, owing the medical precepts and the taste for exploring, the discovery of the principal mountain ranges also took place : the pyrenees, the sierra nevada and the picos de europa. The completion of the main railway lines marked a threshold in the development of tourism, as regards both quantity and quality. Detailed statistics concerning the transport of travellers from one station to another on the madrid-irun line between 1876 and 1882 make it possible to find out which were the chosen destinations. Santander, but above all san sebastian were more often chosen than towns with monuments. An analysis of the statistics drawn up by san sebastian town council concerning visitors and residents between 1886 and 1925 enables us to follow the evolution of the number of turists. A study of the town's tourist policy shows the initiatives taken, the choices made and the deficiencies that remained. An analysis of the first initiatives taken by the state (comision nacional, 1905 ; comisaria regia de turismo, 1911) clearly shows the priority given to cultural tourism, a mistrust of the private sector and abortive attempts at development. The study ends at the time of the founding of the patronato nacional de turismo (1928), an organization wich will be analysed later.
Abstract FR:
Oriente, playas y castillos. Pratiques, images et politiques touristiques en espagne entre 1830 et 1928 vise a retablir, dans la longue duree, la diversite du tourisme espagnol. A cote du tourisme romantique (1830-1860), cette recherche pose des jalons pour retrouver les pratiques recreatives contenues dans la crenotherapie, peu developpee en espagne, et une balneation marine naissante, principalement dans la baie de cadix, les littoraux basques et alicantins. A cette epoque, a la faveur des preceptes medicaux et des desirs d'exploration, s'opere aussi la decouverte des principaux massifs : pyrenees, sierra nevada, picos de europa. L'achevement des grandes lignes de chemin de fer marque un seuil quantitatif et qualitatif dans l'evolution. Le detail statistique du mouvement des voyageurs gare a gare sur la ligne madrid-irun entre 1876 et 1882 permet de connaitre les destinations choisies. Santander, mais surtout saint-sebastien sont davantage choisies que les villes monumentales. L'analyse des statistiques des visiteurs et residents dressees par la municipalite de saint-sebastien entre 1886 et 1925 permet de suivre l'evolution de lafrequentation. L'etude de la politique touristique municipale de cette ville met en evidence les initiatives, les choix et les lacunes. L'analyse des premieres initiatives de l'etat (comision nacional, 1905 ; comisaria regia de turismo, 1911), souligne le primat donne a un tourisme culturel, la defiance vis-a-vis du secteur prive et les tentatives avortees d'evolution. L'etude s'arrete a l'epoque de la creation du patronato nacional de turisme (1928), organisme qui sera analyse ulterieurement.