Rahel Varnhagen et la question juive : le vécu de sa judaïté et l'approche de la question juive d'une célèbre berlinoise du XIXe siècle
Institution:
Paris 12Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
This thesis is based on rahel varnhagens (1771-1833) large correspondance, although rahel had difficulties in writing good german. Nevertheless, she directly inspired franz kafka. In the salon rahel held in berlin from 1792 to 1806, she was much sought after for her capacity for analysing her visitors, a means of idstracting attention from her jewishness. The correspondance between rahel and clemens brentano re(1811-1813) reveals a many-sided relationship and is analysed regarding the excentric personality of the poet as well as his antisemitic environment. After her marriage to the diplomat k. A. Varnhagen von ense in 1814, rahel moved to karlsruhe where she became closer to her prother ludwig robert, a writer preoccupied, like rahel, by segregation. By this time, rahel referred to the french revolution as the promising symbol of a better future. Her husband shared her ideas. For this reason, the government discharged varnhagen in 1819. The couple then created a salon in berlin, attended by heinrich heine. The relationship between rahel and heine shows their approach to the jewish question during the last decade of her life. Globally, the life of rahel varnhagen cannot be separated from her jewishness.
Abstract FR:
Cette these s'appuie sur la vaste correspondance de rahel varnhagen (1771-1833) dont l'expression ecrite fut cependant peu aisee. Toutefois, elle inspira directement franz kafka. Dans le salon qu'elle tint de 1792 a 1806 a berlin, elle fut tres recherchee pour son talent d'analyste, lie a un besoin incessant de detourner l'attention de sa judaite. La correspondance entre rahel et clemens brentano (1811-1813) renvoie a une relation complexe, examinee a travers la personnalite excentrique du poete et son environnement antisemite. Apres avoir epouse karl august varnhagen von ense en 1814, rahel suivit son mari, devenu diplomate, a karlsruhe. Elle se rapprocha pendant ces annees de son frere ludwig robert, ecrivain revolte par la segregation. La revolution francaise apparaissait alors a rahel comme les premices d'un avenir meilleur. Ces idees, partagees avec son epoux furent a l'origine du renvoi de varnhagen de son poste en 1819. De retour a berlin, les varnhagen ouvrirent un salon frequente par heinrich heine. Les relations entre rahel et ce dernier montrent sa facon d'apprehender la question juive pendant la derniere decennie de sa vie. Heine apparait comme le plus grand propagateur des idees de rahel. C'est ainsi que la vie de rahel varnhagen se revele indissociable de sa judaite.