Les conceptions socio-politiques de Martin Luther dans la controverse protestante allemande au vingtième siècle
Institution:
Paris 4Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
La reception des theses socio-politiques de martin luther entraina dans la pensee protestante allemande entre 1890 et 1970 une serie de controverses sur leur interpretation et leurs consequences. A l'epoque de guillaume ii, les conservateurs mirent luther au service de la monarchie autoritaire de droit divin, alors qu'une minorite refusa qu'il servit a justifier la tutelle de l'etat sur l'eglise et l'exaltation du pouvoir au detriment du droit. La republique de weimar vit l'interpretation traditionnelle se radicaliser, jusqu'a se compromettre avec le totalitarisme nationalsocialiste, que combattirent les membres de l'"eglise confessante". A la fin de la guerre, le legs socio-politique de luther est conteste au sein meme du protestantisme allemand, au nom de l'etat de droit et de la democratie. L'interpretation autoritaire et patriacale laisse progressivement place a une lecture anthropologique des theses de luther, dont le contenu proprement politique est abandonne a un passe revolu. La pensee protestante allemande renonce ainsi resolument a l'exploitation conservatrice de la doctrine des deux regnes, s'ouvre a la defense de l'etat de droit et fait l'apprentissage de la democratie liberale.
Abstract FR:
The reception of martin luther's political theses led german protestant thought from 1870 to 1970 to a succession of controversies about their interpretation and consequences. At the time of william ii, most conservative interpreters put luther at the service of an authoritarian monarchy ruling by divine right, while a minotrity protested against luther being used to justify the state's interference with the church and the exaltation of might over right. During the weimar republic, the traditional interpretation became more and more radical, going as far as to compromise itself with nazi totalitarianism, which was opposed by members of the "confessional synod". At the end of the war, luther's social and political legacy is strongly criticized within german protestantism itself, in the name of the rule of law and democracy. The authoritative and patriarchal interpretation gives progressively way to an anthropological reading of luther's theses, whose specifically political content is relegated to the past. German protestant thinking thus largely abandons the conservative exploitation of the two-kingdom doctrine, emphasizes the rule of law in the state and learns the workings of liberal democracy.