Mouloud Feraoun : la réalité et l'écriture
Institution:
Paris 12Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
After a short presentation of kabylia from the geographical, historical and sociological standpoint, we become acquainted with mouloud feraoun, a fellah's son who became a schoolteacher and who is taken as the first algerian author using the french language. Before him, only travellers or colonists who were not really familiar with the kabylian environment had set the action of their plots in this area ; mouloud feraoun's aim was to make his native country well known. Such a plan could only be carried through successfully by an autochton. With regard to his works' contents, we mainly noted the ethnographical aspect through some important subjects as well as the evolution of his writing and of his preoccupations. The apparently autobiographical viewpoint of his first novel is also an important aspect which is actually linked to the preceding one seeing that the children's function is above all a subterfuge to present the cultural environment where mouloud feraoun had spent the first years of his youth, on a most extensive and objective way. Traditionally kabylian having received a french education, he shows some features of a person who has been subjected to a cultural integration. One can also find these in his style, in the subjects he takes up and the place he gives his native tongue. Indeed his education in a french school had an important influence on his style and interest he takes in the consequences of the confrontation of two cultures in the algerian population ; this aim is growing up until it becomes the most important one in his last novel. This characteristic is present too in novels of other authors living in different geographical areas who experimented the colonization or the mastery of another ethnical population.
Abstract FR:
Apres une rapide presentation geographique, historique et sociologique de la kabylie, nous faisons connaissance avec mouloud feraoun, fils de paysan devenu instituteur et considere comme le premier auteur algerien d'expression francaise. Avant lui seuls des voyageurs ou des colons connaissant mal le milieu kabyle avaient situe l'action de leurs intrigues dans cette region ; l'objectif de mouloud feraoun fut de mieux faire connaitre son pays, projet qui ne pouvait etre mene que par un autochtone. En ce qui concerne le contenu de son oeuvre, nous avons principalement retenu l'aspect ethnographique a travers quelques themes majeurs, ainsi que l'evolution de son ecriture et de ses preoccupations. L'aspect apparemment autobiographique de son premier roman est egalement un point important en fait lie au precedent puisque la presence de l'enfant est avant tout un subterfuge pour presenter de maniere plus approfondie et objective le milieu culturel dans lequel mouloud feraoun a passe les premieres annees de sa vie. De tradition kabyle et de formation francaise, il presente certains traits caracteristiques de l'acculture qui se retrouvent dans son style, dans les sujets abordes ainsi qu'a la place qu'il accorde a sa langue maternelle. Sa formation par l'ecole francaise a beaucoup influence son style et l'interet qu'il porte aux effets de la confrontation des deux cultures chez les kabyles va croissant pour devenir le theme essentiel de son dernier roman. Ce phenomene qui se presente egalement chez d'autres auteurs d'aires geographiques differentes ayant connu egalement la colonisation ou la domination d'un autre groupe ethnique.