thesis

Etudes contrastives des déterminants quantificateurs en français et en vietnamien

Defense date:

Feb. 21, 2017

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Institution:

Lyon

Disciplines:

Language sciences

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Directors:

Abstract EN:

The purpose of this contrastive study of quantitative determinants in French and Vietnamese is to examine the means expressing nominal quantification in the two languages and to establish a semantic classification of the quantifying determinants in order to show the common points as well as the syntactic and semantic differences of the equivalent quantifiers, on the other hand.The linguistic means used to express nominal quantification in both languages borrow their expression at all levels: syntax, lexicon, semantics, phonology, morphology which are not always corresponding in both languages. Morphological means such as prefixation, suffixation, pluralisation of names play a vital arole in the ways expressing nominal quantification in French, whereas in Vietnamese, as an insulating language, does not have this possibility. In Vietnamese, on the contrary, the phonological means are used frequently but they are not at all in French.The common way of quantifying in both languages is the use of the system of quantifying determinants. Those quantifying determinants would make readers think of a heterogeneity at the same time categorial, syntactic and semantic. This research has shown there is not always a correspondence between the grammatical categories of nominal quantifiers in French and Vietnamese. Moreover, corresponding to a quantifying determinant in French, it can have several equivalent terms in Vietnamese and vice versa.The heterogeneity and the categorical non-correspondence of quantifying determinants in French and Vietnamese allowed us to confirm the impossibility of establishing a strict correspondence table of quantifying determinants in French and Vietnamese. In order to show the commonalities and the differences of these systems, a classification of quantifying determinants in French and Vietnamese according to quantitative levels has been established. This ranking presented the means and quantifying determinants that used to express each quantitative level. It also helped us to cite the quantifying determinants considered equivalent in terms of the quantity expressed. Since these equivalents often do not belong to the corresponding categories in the two languages, we then tried to compare them syntactically and semantically in order to show the common characteristics, the differences as well as the equivalence conditions between them.

Abstract FR:

En grammaire française et vietnamienne, la quantification est un domaine à la fois vaste et complexe. Cette opération, d'ordre logique, se situe à l'intersection de plusieurs disciplines en linguisitque, à savoir la syntaxe, le lexique, la sémantique et lapragmatique, corollairement, le moyens linguistiques mis en oeuvre pour l'exprimer sont de nature très hétérogène. pour exprimer la quantification, dans beaucoup de langues, les constituants nominaux portent des marques morphologiques de nombre. Toutefois, l'expressionmorphologique du nombre n'a rien d'universel. Par contre, toutes les langues ont des quantificateurs, c'est à dire des mots qignifiqnts une opération de quantification. La catégorie des quantificateurs regroupe des items qui permettent notamment de préciser un certain type de rapport entre les constituants fondamentaux de la phrase, le rapport précisé étant explicitement de nature quantitative. Ce travail de recherche vise d'abord à comparer les moyens exprimant la quantification en français et en vietnamien. Il accorde aussi une grande importance au classement des quantificateurs en français et en vietnamien selon divers critéres : type d'opération de la quantification, degré quantitatif, nature sémantique du terme auquel ils s'appliquent.... Ensuite, la thèse porte spécifiquement sur les études contrastives des valeurs sémantiques et pragmatiques des quantificateurs dans deux langues. Elle s'intéresse aussi aux onfluence des facteurs culturels sur l'emploi des quantificateurs. Elle se termine par des propositions didactiques des quantificateurs aux apprenants vietnamiens.