L'aristocratie et le role de l'ecrivain dans la litterature europeenne de la premiere moitie du xixeme siecle
Institution:
Paris 3Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
The doctorate thesis studies the new status, in europe, of the postrevolutionary writer. Since the xviiith century, some members of the european aristocracy migrate to literature, in as much as they share with the bourgeoisie its main values. In france, then in russia, one can assist to the appearance of an intelligentsia, born, in both cases, from the enlightenment and, in russia, exclusively from the nobility. In england, byron always put his baronage before his own poetry; he appeared in the face of europe as a libertarian regency aristocrat, passionately found of independence, before transmuting his pen into a sword and dying in greece for his liberty and for the liberty of others. In france, chateaubriand passed his whole life returning to combourg to fight a silent fight against the shadow of his father, a feudalist and chimeras-indulging dreamer lost in the xviiith century. Vanquished by him and sent out towards literature, chateaubriand writes about combourg after having, as a republican aristocrat, relentlessly fought for the sake of liberty. Vigny, quite alienated to his family and to his race, sticks to the notion of honour, transubstantiates his aristocracy into "pure spirit" and into an aristocracy of the intelligence. Puvskin all his life considered that the russian nobility, as it detained exclusively in russia the enlightenment and the liberties, was destined to set bounds to the despotism. . . |
Abstract FR:
La these etudie le statut de l'ecrivain europeen post-revolutionnaire. Depuis le xviiieme siecle, une partie des aristocrates emigre vers la litterature, d'autant plus que l'aristocratie s'avere etre un mutant culturel partageant les valeurs bourgeoises du "merite". On assiste en france, puis en russie, a la naissance d'une intelligentsia issue des lumieres et, en russie, uniquement de la noblesse. En angleterre, byron a toujours place son titre de lord au-dessus de celui de poete et, apres s'etre pose en aristocrate libertaire passionne d'independance, a voulu, en grece, faire de sa plume une epee. En france, chateaubriand passe toute sa vie a revenir a combourg lutter silencieusement avec la figure de son pere, feodal et chimerique reveur attarde au xviiieme siecle. Vaincu et chasse par lui vers la litterature, chateaubriand ecrit combourg, apres avoir, en aristocrate republicain, rompu ses dernieres lances en faveur de la liberte. Vigny, aliene a sa famille et a sa race, met le cap sur l'honneur et transsubstantie son aristocratie en esprit pur et en aristocratie de l'intelligence. Puvskin a toute sa vie pense que la noblesse russe, detenant le monopole en russie des lumieres et des libertes, avait pour mission de borner le despotisme et d'eclairer la nation pour l'emanciper. Il reve, a ces fins, d'une "litterature noble" des 1824. En meme temps, s'inspirant des salons de bonne noblesse, il dote la russie de la langue litteraire nationale qui lui manquait encore.