Le combat non-violent de Martin Luther King, Jr
Institution:
Montpellier 3Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
A socio-historical approach centred upon the restless years (1955-1968) in the united states of america considers the essential role played by non-violence in the life, the works and the actions of martin luther king, jr. This is offered as an explanation of his personality and his militancy. The elaboration and evolution of his doctrine are examined. Nothing predestined martin luther king, jr. To take such an important part in american history. The methods of non-violence, inspired by gandhi, represent more a tactical than an ideological approach in the support of the civil rights battle of the black community. In fact, king develops an original tactics: he recommends both an alliance between white and blach people and a quest, withing the protest movements, for the paroxystical moment in order to compel his adversaries into a negotiation process. Martin luther king, jr. Uses non-violence in order to obtain several laws against racial segregation improving the black people's situation, especially in the south, civil disobedience is also a turning-point in his non-violent tactics. But, confronted with the black riots, the nationalistic afro-american movements and also criticized for his collaboration with the whites, king is forced to revise his positions. His message is still present nowadays in spite of his assassination.
Abstract FR:
Une approche socio-historique, concentree sur la periode agite (1955-1968) aux etats-unis aborde le role essentiel joue par la non-violence dans la vie et l'oeuvre de martin luther king, jr. Elle permet d'expliquer sa personnalite et son action. Rien ne predestinait king a tenir une place aussi importante dans l'histoire americaine. Cette non-violence, inspiree par gandhi, represente davantage une tactique qu'une ideologie au service des droits civiques de la minorite noire. En effet, king developpe une tactique originale : non seulement il prone l'alliance entre blancs et noirs, mais il recherche aussi, dans les mouvements de protestation, un moment de tension paroxystique pour acculer l'adversaire a negocier. King utilise la non-violence pour obtenir le vote de lois contre la segregation raciale et ameliorer la situation des noirs, en particulier dans le sud. La desobeissance civile marque egalement un tournant dans sa tactique non-violente. Mais, confronte aux emeutes noires, aux mouvements nationalistes afro-americains et aux reproches de collaboration avec les blancs, king est contraint de revoir ses positions. Son assassinat n'empeche pas la non-violence d'etre toujours presente dans les actions menees par les noirs aux etats-unis.