Le stéréotype au cinéma : le cinéma américain de 1967 à 1977
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Paris 7Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
On examine le concept du stereotype et ses rapports avec le cinema. Une periode particuliere du cinema americain est etudiee : 1967-1977. La notion de stereotype est relativement recente, liee a des valeurs de nouveaute et d'originalite. C'est un element lexicalise, stylistique ou typologique. On isole deux semes de base dans le fonctionnement du stereotype : la repetition et le modele. On resume des conceptions du stereotype a l'egard du cinema et ses rapports avec la realite. On situe le stereotype a l'interieur de la typologie et on le compare a l'archetype. On presente le cinema americain pendant les annees soixante soixante-dix et le reflet de la societe dans les films. On decrit le renouveau dans le cinema americain pendant cette periode et les tentatives d'eliminer les stereotypes existants. On procede a une analyse semiologique des objets, des decors et des personnages secondaires. L'etude des personnages principaux se concentre sur deux phenomenes en particulier : la diversite ethnique des personnages et une configuration de deux protagonistes masculins. On examine egalement des personnages principaux feminins. On se penche sur l'emploi ironique du stereotype cinematographique a cettre epoque et on s'interroge sur les sens possibles qu'implique l'utilisation du stereotype.
Abstract FR:
The notion of stereotype and its relation to the cinema is analysed. A particular type of film and period is examined : american film from 1967-1977. The stereotype is a relatively recent concept, associated with a systel of values that emphasises originality and novelty. It may be a lexical or stylistical element or a form of typology. Two semes are isolated which determine its functioning : repetition and model. Various conceptions of the stereotype are examined as well as its connection with reality. American society during the sixties and seventies is presented and the films are described as a reflection of this society. The changes in american film are studied and how attempts were made to do away with film stereotypes. A semiological analysis is carried out on the decor, objects and secondary characters in the films. The study of main characters concentrates on two dominant features of qthe period : the ethnic diversity of characters and a configuration of two male protagonists female protagonists are also examined. The ironic use of the film stereotype during this period is also studied and the possible meanings behind the usage of a stereotype are discussed.