Les chansons de banquet dans la grece antique
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Abstract EN:
Although homer speaks of ancient feasts' songs, the scolia (or drinkingsongs) sung at symposium were imitated from lydian example which also permitted an important evolution of banquets at the end of the seventh century and the distinction between symposium and deipnon (or dinner). From the study of the scolia and sympotic themes of alcaeus, anacreon, pindarus, bacchylides and others poets, less illustrious, as pythermus, timocreon and praxilla, it appears that the style of the scolia was never well defined. Nevertheless, there existed a subcategory, distinctly enough defined, of attic scolia, well known by us thanks to the book of athenaeus, which preserved 25 of them out of the 28 that came to our knowledge (an anthology, clumsily augmented, of 22 songs probably composed by a peripatetic author between 335 and 275). A careful study of these 28 attic scolia shows that many are songs of the "belle epoque" of athens (480-430). These songs disappeared during the fourth century, as well as the whole style, vague and therefore fragile, of scolia, and this name of "scolia" was often wrongly given by ancient or modern scholars to some brief lyrical poems which we study afterwards, before an appendix on the paeans of ariphron and aristotle.
Abstract FR:
S'il est vrai qu'homere evoque les chants des festins anciens, les scolies qu'on chantait au symposion sont dus a l'exemple lydien, qui permit egalement une importante evolution du banquet a la fin du 7e siecle, et la distinction du symposion et du deipnon. Il ressort de l'etude des scolies et des themes symposiaques d'alcee, d'anacreon, de pindare, de bacchylide et d'autres poetes moins illustres, comme pythermos, timocreon et praxilla, que le genre des scolies n'a jamais ete bien defini. Pourtant, il a existe un sous-genre, assez nettement delimite, de scolies "attiques", bien connu grace au livre d'athenee, qui en a conserve 25 sur les 28 qui nous sont parvenus (une anthologie, maladroitement completee, de 22 chansons, vraisemblablement composee par un peripateticien entre 335 et 275). L'etude attentive de ces 28 scolies attiques montre que beaucoup sont des chansons de la "belle epoque" athenienne des annees 480-430. Ces chansons disparurent dans le courant du 4e siecle, comme l'ensemble du genre vague, et par la meme fragile, des scolies, et ce nom de "scolies" fut souvent donne, a tort, par des savants anciens et modernes, a de courtes oeuvres lyriques qui sont examinees ensuite, avant un excursus consacre aux peans d'ariphron et d'aristote.