Quelle democratisation ? l'evolution des structures universitaires et la democratisation de l'enseignement superieur americain de 1960 a 1990
Institution:
Paris 7Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The diversification of the student population of the various structures of american higher education occurred primarily along gender and race ethnicity lines. Even if access to elite colleges and universities was facilitated, particularly through preferential admissions, progress in equality of opportunity was mainly visible in public higher education, in two-year as well as four-year institutions that have made it easier for women, minorities and older students to eventually obtain a bachelor's degree. However, part of the gains recorded through the midseventies were lost afterwards, especially as regards low-income students, among which black and hispanic minorities are over-represented.
Abstract FR:
La diversification de la population etudiante des differentes structures de l'enseignement superieur americain s'est effectuee principalement sur des criteres d'appartenance sexuelle et raciale ethnique. Meme si l'acces aux colleges et universites d'elite a ete facilite, notamment par des mesures preferentielles, les progres dans l'egalisation des chances ont surtout ete sensibles dans l'enseignement superieur public, court et long. Il est devenu plus facile pour les femmes, les minorites et les adultes en reprise d'etudes d'obtenir a terme un diplome de bachelor. Cependant, les gains obtenus jusqu'au milieu des annees soixante-dix ont ete partiellement perdus depuis, particulierement en ce qui concerne l'acces des personnes a faibles revenus, parmi lesquelles les minorites noire et hispanique sont sur-representees.