Esclaves et affranchis musulmans et noirs en milieu urbain aux xiveme et xveme siecles : l'exemple de barcelone
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Paris 3Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
During the last two centuries of the middle ages slavery diminished everywhere in the west except along the mediterranean shores. This perenniality rested on a strong influence of ideological models indirectly fostered by the greek philosophy, the latin juridical theory, the christian and muslim theologies as well as their contemporary sociological and geographical contribution. It is in the light of this "doxa" of slavery and the growth of the economy and trade in barcelona that one must examine the relations which developed in the town between masters and slaves from all kinds of social and geographical origin for they made the process of individual emancipation possible. However, this in no way meant that the ordeal of those captives ceased then. Society had in store subtle means of segregation in town or through work, of social or matrimonial confinement that considerably reduced the possibility of integration for this motley group. Limited prospects and harsh conditions for survival often thwarted their attempts. Some of them soon drifted into deliquency whereas others presented an image of perfect conformity to the social codes of the time.
Abstract FR:
L'esclavage regresse partout en occident medieval aux deux derniers siecles du moyen age a l'exception des rives de la mediterranee. Cette perennite repose sur une forte pregnance de modeles ideologiques nourris indirectement par la philosophie grecque, la theorie juridique latine, les theologies chretiennes et musulmane, ainsi que leurs apports sociologiques et geographiques contemporains. C'est a l'aune de cette "doxa" de l'esclavage et de l'essor de l'economie et du commerce barcelonais qu'il faut examiner les relations qui se tissent dans la ville entre des maitres et des esclaves de tous horizons sociaux et geographiques, car elles rendent possibles les processus de liberation individuelle. Toutefois cela ne signifie nullement que les tribulations de ceux qui ont ete captifs s'arretent la. La societe tient pret un dispositif subtil de segregation urbaine et laborale, de confinement social et matrimonial qui reduit considerablement les possibilites d'insertion de ce groupe bigarree. L'etroitesse des perspectives, la durete des conditions de survie ont bien souvent raison de leurs tentatives. Certains s'abandonnent bientot aux derives delinquantes, tandis que d'autres offrent l'image d'une parfaite conformite aux codes sociaux alors en vigueur.