L'Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance, 1945-1965
Institution:
Paris 4Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
The subject of this doctoral theis is the only french political formation exclusively issued from the resistance mouvements. Initially a federation, it later took the form of a party, dedicated to the expression and promotion of the projects of many "resistants" : to reniew the french political life around a great "labour party" under c. De gaulle's leadership. Udsr was then the largest conglomerate ever called together, merging people of many different tendancies, except the communists. The story of its failure reflects the very nature of "la resistance". It sheds light of the period of the first pst war years. Rene pleven, who was the first president of the new party, tried out unsuccesfully to bring together de gaulle and the "third force". Doing so he contributed to the extension of this "third force" toward the right, all the more sso because it was a pivot group. From the analysis of several remarquable polls it appears obviously that, from 1947 to 1951, the role plyaed by udsr in the assembly was invesrsely proportional to its numerical strength. F. Mitterand took advantage of the large number of his clients in the "mouvement de prisonniers de guerre" to exert a leadership in the party. He attacks pleven's proeuropean positions on behalf of african priorities. He became preisdent in 1953. After the come back of de gaulle in 1958, the party was used by mitterrand as in instrument to group togother all non communists left wingers, under the framework of the 5th republic institutions. The study of the udsr demonstrates that it was no so much a "parti de cadre" than an original, specific and original formula. Finally, this thesis is more than a detailed monography of a party that played a central role. It reveals several facts and new points, enlighting this history with various unknow aspects.
Abstract FR:
Cette these porte sur la seule formation politique issue exclusivement de la resistance. Federation de mouvements de resistance avant de devenir un parti politique, l'udsr est alors l'expression et l'instrument du projet d'une partie de la resistance de renover la vie politique en creant un vaste parti travailliste dont le leader aurait ete c. De gaulle. Elle fut le plus vaste rassemblement jamais realise reunissant des hommes de sensibilites diverses a l'exlusion des communistes. Son echec renvoie a la nature de la resistance, eclaire l'histoire de l'immediat apres-guerre et explique l'evolution ulterieure de la iv republique. L'udsr devenue un parti politique, pleven, son president, apres cherche en vain a rapprocher de gaulle et la troisieme force contribue a l'elargir sur sa droite. L'analyse de scrutins remarquables indique que l'udsr a joue un role de groupe charniere, inversement proportionnel a son poids numerique, de 1947 a 1951. L'etude de la prise en mains du parti par f. Mitterrand entre 1950 et 1953 a revele une strategie, une clientele (les prisonniers de guerre) et un veritable clivage. C'est au nom du prealable africain que f. Mitterrand monte a l'assaut des positions europeennes de pleven. Attachant son destion a l'experience mendes-france, son echec accelere le declin de l'udsr qui vole en eclats en 1958. Des lros, f. Mitterrand l'utilise pour regrouper la gauche non-communiste dans le cadre des insitutions de la ve republique. L'etude des structures a revele que l'udsr etait moins un parti de cadre qu'une formation irreductible a toute comparaison. L'udsr est "un parti specialise" dans la defense de la cause europeenne et plus encore dans la construction d'une communaute franco-africaine. Au total, ce travail livre la monographie d'un parti au role central, met a jour des reseaux, et eclaire d'un jour nouveau bien des aspects de l'histoire de la iv et de la ve rebupliques.