La naissance de la thailande contemporaine de 1933 a 1945
Institution:
Montpellier 3Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
In the years 1933 to 1945, thailand was faced with a number of difficult internal and external political problems. In the wake of the coup d'etat fomented by young civilian and military intellectuals in 1932, the revolutionary movement known as the "people's party" was constituted with the express purpose of modifying the political regime. Its ambitious program called for an evolution away from absolute monarchy toward a constitutional monarchy and democracy by means of an occidentalization of the nation's structures. The actions of great figures who have marked the history of thailand such as the statesmen praya pahonponpayuhasena, luang phibulsongkram and luang pradist are studied in depth. The projected political evolution did not take into account the fact that the working classes, 80% of whom lived in rural areas, were not ready to accept the proposed revolutionary ideology. The political class was more interested in personal ambition than in the interests of the country. Given this context, it was impossible for the liberal regime to come into being and, instead, thailand lived with "phibulism" and the dictatorship of an excessively nationalistic ideology.
Abstract FR:
La thailande, durant la periode de 1933-1945, dut faire face a de delicats problemes de politique interne et externe. A la suite du coup d'etat fomente par de jeunes intellectuels civils et militaires, le mouvement revolutionnaire du "partie du peuple" fut constitue dans l'objectif d'un changement de regime. Son programme avait l'ambition de faire evoluer la monarchie absolue vers la monarchie constitutionnelle et la democratie, a travers l'occidentalisation des structures de la nation. Nous etudions plus particulierement l'action de ses grands leaders tels que praya pahonponpayuhasena, luang phibulsongkram et luang pradist. Les evolutions politiques furent envisagees a recueillir l'ideologie revolutionnaire. L'ensemble de la classe politique privilegia son ambition personnelle plutot que l'interet de l'etat. Dans cette mesure le regime liberal ne verra jamais le jour, la thailande connaitra "le phibulisme" et la dictature d'une ideologie natioinaliste exacerbee. Dans un second temps nous presenterons la pluralite des relations diplomatiques thailandaises avec l'ensemble des grandes puissances occidentales : la grande bretagne, la france, les etats-unis et ses voisins asiatiques comme la chine et le japon. Nous verrons comment la souplesse de la diplamatie, la politique dite "du roseau" et la neutralite furent les elements decisifs sur l'echiquier mondial de l'independance et de la souverainete de la nation thailandaise.