L'impact des rivalités franco-britanniques dans la Mellacorée sur les populations locales dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle
Institution:
Aix-Marseille 1Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
England replies an offensive mercantilism against the strict regime of the exclusive commended by france. Signed on 10 february to put an end to the anglo-french war, the treaty of paris gave the england the senegalese coast, where a few french trading posts and establishments were settled. The territory also entailed the south rivers and the mellacoree. From that former colonial territory, the island of goree was the only thing left for france. The expedition of egypt under the directorate and the breach of the peace of amiens, could not conceal the perverse effects of the abolition of slavery. Nevertheless, the 1814 and 1815's treaties allowed france to get back her former possessions : senegal and the south rivers (including the mellacoree). Then, the political leaders of the mellacoree had been invited to sign treaties of protectorate, that england and france proposed to them without worrying about each other's presence. During the succession war of moria, the protagonists took the opportunity to get involved in the clans' war which turned into a colonial war where french and english proponents and opponents fought against each other. This long war ended in 1890. The rivalties came to an end in favour of different arrangements that solved the litigious issue of the boundaries' demarcation. As a result, a policy to demantle the former principalities followed, whereas a new body of chiefs submitted to the colonial rule was being promoted.
Abstract FR:
Au regime strict de l'exclusif prone par la france, l'angleterre opposa un mercantilisme de type offensif. Le traite de pans, signe le 10 fevrier 1763 pour mettre fin a une guerre franco-anglaise, adjugea a l'angleterre la cote du senegal abritant des etablissements et comptoirs francais. Ce territoire comprenait aussi les rivieres du sud et la mellacoree. De cet ancien domaine colonial, la france ne garda que l'ile de goree. L'expedition d'egypte, sous le directoire, et la rupture de la paix d'amiens, ne purent juguler les effets pervers de la suppression de l'esclavage. Les traites de 1814 et 1815 permirent neanmoins a la france de reprendre ses anciennes possessions du senegal et des rivieres du sud (comprenant la mellacoree). Les chefs politiques de la mellacoree furent alors sollicites pour la conclusion de traites de protectorat que la france et l'angleterre proposaient sans se preoccuper de la presence de l'autre. La guerre de succession du moria donna l'occasion aux deux protagonistes de s'impliquer dans cette guerre de clans qui se transforma en guerre coloniale, ou s'affrontaient partisans et adversaires des anglais ou des francais. Cette longue guerre se termina en 1890. Les rivalites s'estomperent a la faveur de differents arrangements qui reglerent la quartier litigieuse de la delimitation des frontieres. Il s'en suivit une politique de demantelement des anciennes principautes et chefferies, tandis qu'un nouveau corps de chefs infeodes a l'ordre colonial est en promotion.