Rapport entre oppositions et pouvoir politique au Guatemala entre 1944 et 1970
Institution:
Toulouse 2Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
Between 1944 and 1970, the opposition in guatemala could not organize and express itself in a free way, except during the period known as: reformatory (1944-1970). In fact, "the october revolution" gave birth to important changements: the democratic institutions could function normally and an opposition has grown up. The latter permitted to thousands of peasants, workers, etc, to participate in the political and economical life. However, the agrarian reform of 1954 is one of the key-dates of guatemalan history;for the first time, the power grappled with the agrarian inequality. But, considering this as preducial to their interets, the landowning oligarchy and the foreign capital fought against it. The military interventin supervised by the c. I. A in 1954 ended not only the agrarian reform, but the normal functioning of the democratic institutions as well; in the name of fighting against subvertion the opposition would be purchased by the military dictatorship. Finally, the history of guatemala between 1944 and 1970 illustrates the close dependence between political democracy and social justice.
Abstract FR:
Entre 1944 et 1970, l'opposition au guatemala ne put s'organiser et s'exprimer librement, que durant la periode dite reformiste (1944-1954). En effet, la revolution d'octobre" deboucha sur d'importants changements: les institutions democratiques purent fonctionner normalement et une opposition s'est developpee; celle-ci eut le merite de faire participer des milliers de paysans, d'ouvriers, etc, a la vie politique et economique du pays. Cependant, la reforme agraire de 1952 est une des dates-cles de l'histoire du guatemala; pour la premiere fois le pouvoir s'attaqua a l'inegalite agraire. Mais, la considerant comme prejudiciable a leurs interets, oligarchie fonciere et capital etranger, la combatirent. L'intervention militaire supervisee par la c. I. A en 1954, mit fin non seulement a la reforme agraire mais aussi au fonctionnement normal des institutions democratiques; au nom de la lutte contre la subvertion, l'opposition sera pourchassee par la dictature militaire. Enfin, l'histoire du guatemala entre 1944 et 1970, illustre l'etroite dependance entre democratie politique et justice sociale.