La franc-maconnerie en pays nicois de la fin du xviiieme siecle a la seconde guerre mondiale
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Abstract EN:
In the eighteenth century, freemasonry was not established in the roman catholic nicean county. The first lodge was created during the french revolution during the first empire period, three lodges were working in the first french alpes-maritimes department. One out of four notables was freemason. During the sardinian restoration, freemasonry was forbidden and reestablished in 1858. During the second empire period, there were three lodges in the province of nice : "ligurian philanthropy" and "union and concord" in menton. At the end of the nineteenth century, the nicean freemasonry was completely in accordance with the republic. Recruiting from the middle and working-classes, in total harmony with the left, freemasonry took an important part in politics, education, press, arts, philanthropy and the economy. During the interwar years, it steadily increased in number (six hundred freemasons on the eve of the second world war). However, due to the department conservatism, freemasonry was gradually edged out.
Abstract FR:
Au dix-huitieme siecle, la franc-maconnerie ne s'implantera pas dans le comte de nice, terroir catholique ultramontain. Elle arrivera avec la revolution francaise. Sous l'empire, trois loges travailleront dans le premier departement des alpes-maritimes : un notable sur quatre sera macon. Interdite sous la restauration sarde, la maconnerie renaitra en 1858. Sous le second empire, le pays nicois comptera trois loges : "philanthropie ligurienne", et "philosophie cosmopolite", a nice, "union et concorde" a menton. A la fin du dix-neuvieme siecle, la maconnerie du pays nicois est acquise a la republique. Prcrutant largement dans les classes moyennes et les employes, en symbiose. Avec les gauches, elle occupe une place importance dans la vie politique (j. Gilly, a. Borriglione, h. Sauvan), l'enseignement, la presse, les arts, la philanthropie ou l'economie. Dans l'entre-deux guerres, la maconnerie continue son essor numerique (600 macons a la veille de la seconde guerre mondiale). Elle connait cependant une marginalisation liee au conservatisme du departement.