La résistance marocaine à la pénétration française dans le pays Zaian (1908-1921)
Institution:
Montpellier 3Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The study, treating the zaian resistance, consists of four parts: the first one deals with the relief, the economic life and the population in order to explain the zaian resistance capacity. It is divided in to three points : the interaction fo the general movement of the resistance and the zaian riposte; then, an analysis of the religious and national feeling. Finally, the invasion of khenifra which was due to the protectorate awareness that the plain couldn't be taken unless the mountain was conquered, the third part depicts el herri battle. The first chapter analyses the causes, the second describes the combat and the third one presents the consequences. The fourth part concerns the period extending from 1914 to 1924. First, from 1914 to 1918, france, at war against germany, had to cease the combat. But the zaian continued fighting in the form of guerilla wat. From 1918 to 1921, france, free from all constraint in europe conquered the zaian territory. Finally, the consequences of the "pacification" were harmful for the zaian. The submission plunged the latter in a period of economic and social crisis. Thus the zaian paid too much for their heroism. Conclusion: hatred gave place to a reciprocal esteem. In 1956 the abrogation 3of the protectorate treaty came to confirm the franco-moroccan friendship.
Abstract FR:
L'etude de la resistance des zaian comprend 4 parties: la rpemiere traite le relief, la vie economique et la population pour expliquer la capacite de resistance des zaian. La deuxieme examine les debuts de la resistance. Elle s'articule en trois temps. En premier lieu nous avons analyse l'interaction du mouvement general et la riposte zaiane. Ensuite nous avons examine le sentiment religieux et national. Enfin, le protectorat, conscient que la plaine ne pouvait etre tenue que si la montagne etait conquise, prit d'assaut khenifra. La troisieme partie est consacree a la bataille d'el herri. Le premier chapitre en analyse les causes, le deuxieme expose l'accrochage et la troisieme les consequences de la bataille. La quatrieme partie porte sur la periode allant de 1914 a 1921. Premierement, de 1914 a 1918, la france, en guerre contre l'allemagne, fit cesser les combats. Les zaian, par contre continuerent la resistance sous forme de guerilla. Deuxiemement, de 1918 a 1921, la metropole, liberee de toute contrainte en europe conquit le pays. Enfin, les consequences de la "pacification" furent nefastes pour les zaian. La soumission les avait plonges dans une crise economique et sociale. Ils ont donc paye cher et meme tres cher leur heroisme. Conclusion: la haine a fait place a une estime reciproque. En 1956 l'abrogation du traite du protectorat scella l'amitie franco-marocaine.