Lidu 23-24 : une organisation anti-fasciste en exil : la Ligue italienne des droits de l'homme de sa fondation à la veille des fronts populaires
Institution:
Paris, EHESSDisciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Created in paris in 1923 and animated by former italian democrat interventionists (republicans, bissolatian socialists, syndicalists, anarchists), the lidu grows after 1926, tries to absorb the whole antifascism, but has to rejoin the exiled socialist and democratic organizations' concentrazione. Personal contacts, supports from left-wing politicians and from the ligue francaise des droits de l'homme, allows the league to receive exiles, to protect them against administrative arbitrary, to improve their cultural and political formation. With more than 2000 subscribers, it is the largest fuorusciti's organization. Political militants have the opportunity of meeting and debating without the control of their directions; it improves the emigration's cohesion, and also give a tribune to minoritary groups, chiefly revolutionarsyndicalists, opponents to official legalism; so the league is the main place for polemics and discussions within democratic emigration. After 1930, the strangers'situation grows worse, the lidu knows failures, loses contacts with apolitic emigration, becomes weak and loses a large part of its political authority, though preserving an unitarian fonction and an immediate assistancial utility. The study, which asks questions about rapports between political parties and leagues, between political emigrations and reception countries, between exiles and immigrated workers, and which is a work about political italian (but also french political and social) history, is founded chiefly on the italian emigration press and documents from the archivio centrale dello stato (roma), but also on oral testimoniancies and documents from archives nationales, prefecture de police, quai d'orsay (paris), french war ministry (vincennes), departmental archives (grenoble, marseille) archivio storico diplomatico, istituto per la storia del movimento repubblicano (roma), institutes per la storia del movimento di liberazione in italia (milano, firenze), fondazione berneri, domus mazziniana (pisa) and private archives. It would be the beginning of a general study about italian political emigration.
Abstract FR:
Creee a paris en 1923 par d'anciens interventionnistes democrates italiens, la lidu se developpe apres 1926, veut absorber tout l'antifascisme, mais doit rejoindre la concentrazione des organisations democrates et socialistes en exil. Des relation personnelles, l'appui d'elus de gauche et de la l. D. H. Lui permettent d'accueillir les exiles, de les defendre contre l'arbitraire administratif, de les encadrer politiquement et culturellement. Plus de 2000 cotisants en france en font la principale organisation de fuorusciti. Mettant en contact les militants independamment des directions de leurs partis, elle assure la cohesion de l'emigration, et aussi sert de tribune aux courants minoritaires, souvent anarcho-syndicalistes, opposes au legalisme officiel. Elle est le principal lieu de discussion de l'antifascisme. Apres 1930, la situation des etrangers se deteriore, l'organisation subit des echecs, se desinteresse des apolitiques, perd de son importance politique, tout en conservant un role unitaire et une utilite immediate dans le domaine de l'assistance. Son histoire pose le probleme des rapports entre "partis" et "ligues", entre exiles politiques et pays d'accueil, entre exiles et travailleurs immigres. C'est un element de l'histoire italienne, mais aussi de l'histoire politique et sociale francaise. L'etude est essentiellement fondee sur la presse de l'emigration et les fonds de l'archivio centrale dello stato (roma), mais aussi sur des temoignages oraux, les fonds des archives nationales, de la prefecture de police et du quai d'orsay (paris), du ministere de la guerre (vincennes), d'archives departementales (grenoble, marseille), des affaires etrangeres italiennes, de l'istituto per la storia del movimento repubblicano (roma) des instituts per la storia del movimento di liberazione in italia (milano, firenze), de la fondazione berneri (pistoia), de la domus mazziniana (pisa), et d'archives privees. Elle doit constituer la premiere etape d'une etude generale de l'emigration politique italienne dans l'entre-deux-guerres.