Les ressorts des intérêts français en Hai͏̈ti dans l'entre-deux-guerres (1918-1941)
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Paris 8Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
In the history of haiti, the interwar period is a key preparatory stage for the country's present situation of dependance towards the united states and which is decisive in its inability to sever links completely with france. This study raises the nature of the final transition, between 1918 and 1941, from french to american preponderance in haiti. It also investigates the specific, changeable nature of the relationship that haiti has had with france. Their financial and commercial aspects are extensively covered in this study. The american occupation of haiti, which stretched out from 1915 to 1934, had indeed decisive repercussions. French capital was withdrawn from all banks and firms. Full scope was thus given for the investment of american capital from the beginning of the 1920s. What is more, the foreign debt taken out on the french market was repaid by a loan from the national city bank in 1922. However, an object of contention was to arise over the settlement of the outstanding balance of the gold loan 1910. It was even to be the pretext that paris was to put forward in 1936 to bargain over her coffee purchases at haiti. From then onwards, the decline in franco-haitian trade was to accelerate. The lasting features of the former tutelage, notably the cultural influence of french-speaking countries, are also highlighted in this thesis. . .
Abstract FR:
L'entre-deux-guerres est, dans l'histoire d'haiti, une etape-cle qui prepare sa dependance actuelle vis-a-vis des etats-unis et qui ne parvient pas a briser totalement les liens avec la france. Cette etude souleve les particularites du passage definitif, entre 1918 et 1941, de la preponderance francaise en haiti a la preponderance americaine. Elle traite aussi la specificite des rapports inegaux qu'haiti entretient avec la france. Leurs aspects commerciaux et financiers sont largement abordes. L'occupation americaine d'haiti, qui s'etire de 1915 a 1934, a, en effet, des repercussions determinantes. Les capitaux francais se retirent de toutes les societes bancaires et autres concernees. Toute latitude est ainsi donnee aux capitaux americains des le debut de la decennie 1920. De plus, la dette exterieure contractee sur le marche francais est remboursee grace a un pret de la national city bank en 1922. Cependant, un litife naitra au sujet de l'acquittement du solde de l'emprunt 5% or 1910. Il sera meme le pretexte avancee par paris, en 1936, pour marchander ses achats de cafe a haiti. Le declin du commerce franco-haitien s'accelerera alors. Les elements durables de l7ancienne tutelle, en particulier le culturel avec la francophonie, sont aussi soulignes dans cette these. Et la marge de manoeuvre des gouvernements haitiens dans le cadre de ces relations internationales particulieres est evaluee. L'histoire interne d'haiti se comprend donc mieux a la lumiere de ses rapports avec les deuxw "grands", la france et les etats-unis.