Abstract EN:

Jabal Amel in south Lebanon became in the early seventies and still the center of political and military attraction in the Middle East. Jabal Amel presents 20 % of the superficy of Lebanon. The Shia community, which is the 2nd sect in Islam, has been living in south Lebanon since the early years of the Islam. Jabal Amel became officially part of Lebanon in 1926 according to the Lebanese constitution. The French mandate recognized the Shia of Lebanon as an independent community after the independence in 1943 the Shia community didn’t reach their political goals effectively until the Taef agreement in 1989. The war of 1967, the creation of P. L. O , and the immigration of the P. L. O from Jourdan to Lebanon after the black September 1970, were the major reasons of the civil war in 1975-1976. The war had a negative effect on Lebanon and especially on the south (mainly by the Israeli invasions in 1978 then in 1982 and the occupation of almost half of Jabal Amel by Israeli forces and the state of non - security in south Lebanon today. The political concept of the Shia today goes from moderation to the extremists, imam Moussa al Sad'r, the spiritual leader of the Shia in Lebanon (who disappeared in Libya in 1978), had a very major role in the political development of the Shia during the last 30 years. Although Jabal Amel party is still occupied by Israeli forces, the Shia of this area have had a significant economic and social development. Political movements are many, besides Amal and Hezbollah, the Shia have been involved and introduced in almost all Lebanese and regional political parties. The majority of the Shia community are real Lebanese, the believe in one united, independent Lebanon and they claim for the state of social justice.