Le pharaon lagide "batisseur". Analyse historique de la construction des temples a l'epoque ptolemaique
Institution:
Montpellier 3Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
The construction, the enlargement and the renewal of temples appear as a convincing element of continuity between ptolemaic time and previous periods, but the wheels of such activity have changed with the new political deal. The first part of this work shows the building activity of each reign by means of official sources (corpus i). The private sources are listed in the corpus ii. The second part analyses the documentation (hieroglyphic, demotic and greek) and allows us to draw up a chronology and historical background of the building and decoration programmes of each reign and to determine the nature and the practise of self dedication. The third part of this study is an attempt to define some aspects of the building activity and the ties between state and clergymen as regard this practise. Fisrt of all, we try to define the concept of architectural programme. The study of the financial implication and the study of the choice of building-sites show the importance of the priests and moderate the help of the lagids. Different behaviours of the lagid authority are studied : sites and clergies which have been in favour (memphis, philae, kom ombo, edfou), sites and clergies which have been penalised (establishment of additionnal districts, nubie, ermant, panopolis), special nature of karnak, ties between official visits in the country and the developpment of building programmes. The end of the study summarizes the questions and the attempts of answers ; a last conclusion tries to show light on the massive building programmes such as philae, edfou, kom ombo and dendara ; could a political choice preside over these new foundations to develop the divine pairs osiris/isis and horus/hathor required to define a universal ptolemaic kingship ?
Abstract FR:
Le developpement des temples a l'epoque ptolemaique apparait comme un element probant de continuite par rapport aux periodes precedentes mais les modalites qui president aux constructions et aux restaurations des monuments subissent les contraintes de la nouvelle situation politique. La premiere partie du travail presente une vision d'ensemble de l'activite architecturale, regne par regne, a travers les sources officielles (corpus i). La documentation privee est regroupee dans le corpus ii. La deuxieme partie analyse les sources (hieroglyphiques, demotiques et grecques) permettant de tirer des enseignements chronologiques sur les travaux executes pour chaque regne (sources officielles) et sur la pratique et la nature des consecrations privees. La troisieme partie de cette etude constitue un essai de synthese tentant d'analyser differents aspects de la construction des temples et les relations entre l'etat lagide et le clerge a travers cette pratique. On y aborde au prealable la question de la notion de programme architectural. L'etude du financement et de la decision de mise en chantier permet de mettre en valeur une autonomie importante des clerges et de relativiser l'importance du soutien royal. Des attitudes diverses du pouvoir lagide a l'egard des temples sont prises en compte : sites et clerges favorises (memphis, philae, kom ombo, edfou), sites et clerges penalises (creation des districts supplementaires, nubie, ermant, panopolis), particularisme de karnak, rapport entre les visites royales en egypte et le developpement des programmes architecturaux. La conclusion reprend l'ensemble des donnees, des questions soulevees et des reponses apportees et, dans un dernier developpement, envisage le probleme des refondations massives (philae, edfou, kom ombo et dendara) ; une volonte politique aurait-elle preside a la mise en valeur des couples divins osiris/isis et horus/hathor dans la perspective d'une royaute lagide universelle ?