Le port de livourne et la toscane (1676-1814)
Institution:
Paris 10Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The history of leghorn harbour, from the edict of "stallaggio" (1676) to the restoration (1814), is that of an authentic growth, in spite of the napoleonic parenthesis. As a whartage port (with a regional, european and mediterranean function), having rised by the end of the 17th century to the level of the largest french harbours, leghorn is faced with a stagnation, or even a decline of its activity, at the time when the others take off. However, this unobtrusiveness does not indicate a definitive decline. Indeed, during the last three decades of the 18th century, the traffic gathers momentum again, with a high growth rate. That prosperity stands out for some fifteen years, during the franco-english naval war at the end of the century. Meanwhile, owing to the prosperity of the free port and to the privileges (the "livornina" of 1593), the town has grown. During the 18th century, it keeps on welcoming non catholic people (especially the jews) and attracts people of small account as well as businessmen, with their esperience and their networks.
Abstract FR:
L'histoire du port de livourne, de l'edit du stallaggio (1676) a la restauration (1814), est celle d'une croissance en depit de la parenthese napoleonienne. Port d'entrepot (regional, europeen et mediterraneen), se haussant a la fin du xviie siecle, au niveau des plus grands ports francais, livourne voit son activite stagner, voire decliner au moment ou la leur demarre. Pourtant, cet effacement du port toscan ne marque pas son declin definitif. Dans le dernier tiers du xviiie siecle, le trafic portuaire va croitre a nouveau, a un taux eleve (contrairement a venise et a genes). Cette prosperite va s'affirmer pendant une quinzaine d'annees, durant la guerre navale franco-anglaise de la fin du siecle. Cependant, la ville, grace a la prosperite du port et a ses privileges (la "livournine" de 1593), va croitre (la population catholique quadruple en 115 ans). Elle continue a accueillir au xviiie siecle les non-catholiques (de la une des plus fortes communautes juives urbaines d'europe occidentale) et attire aussi bien les petites gens (paysans toscans, populations maritimes) que les hommes d'affaires, qui servent livourne par leur experience et leurs reseaux d'affaires.