Les juifs de france et la grande guerre 1914-1941 : patrie - republique - memoire
Institution:
Paris 7Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The first world war was one of the decisive factors which allowed the end the emancipatory undertating of the french revolution for the first time in their history, french jews entered the war in the name of the nation. The jewish community reigeid the opportunity to show its republican feelings (on attachment to the republic), to assert its patriotism; and above all to confirm its integration. In spite of the fraticidal aspect of the conflit as well as at home front, jews from franc and algeria showed an exapperated patrotism at all the fronts for the virtues of the republic and the greatness of the civilisation. More than 8000 foreign jews enlished for france's human rights where as rabbis and intellectuels took care of the propaganda at the home front. Neverthoters, the united front advocated in 1914 had not made antisemitism dissapear. Qualified as "the spiritual family of france", by m. Barres, the judaism considered that the emancipation undertaking was ended. That futings will be at the origin of numerous mistaky, mainty as regarded the regeneration of antisemitism in the twenties, and afterwords as regarding the rising danger.
Abstract FR:
La premiere guerre mondiale fut l'un des facteurs decisifs pour parachever l'oeuvre emancipatrice de la revolution francaise. Malgre l'aspect fratricide du conflit, au front comme a l'arriere les juifs deploient tous leurs efforts pour la victoire de leur patrie. Pour les vertus de la republique et la grandeur de la civilisation, juifs de france et d'algerie developpent la surenchere patriotique sur tous les fronts. Plus de 8000 juifs etrangers s'engagent volontairement pour la france des droits de l'homme tandis que rabbins et intellectuels entretiennent la propagande a l'arriere. Neanmoins, l'union sacree pronee en 1914 n'a pas pour autant attenue l'entisemitisme. Sacre "famille spirituelle de la france" par m. Barres, le judaisme considere l'oeuvre de l'emancipation comme achevee. Ce sentiment sera a l'origine de nombreuses negligences, notamment face a la regeneration de l'antisemitisme dans les annees vingt, puis a la montee des perils. La defaite, puis les lois anti-juives de vichy mettront un terme a toutes les esperances de progres et de fraternite acquises par le sang et le sacrifice dans les tranchees.